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For purification of solids following methods are employed
Crystallization:-In this process compound is dissolved in
suitable solvent and this saturated solution of impure
substance is filtered through the funnel. The filterate
which is hot is now allowed to stand undisturbed, with the
result crystals deposits are found. These crystals can be
than washed on porcelain funnel of Buckner type
Sublimation:-Certain compounds on heating pass directly from
solid into gases and on cooling is the gases these at once
form solids e.g. naphthalene campor etc..
Purification of liquids:-There are number of methods for
this which are as follows:
(a)Simple Distillation:-In this process, vaporisation and
crystallization go in side by side
(b)Distillation under reduced pressure:-When heated to B.P.,
organic compounds get decomposed e.g. glycerine. These
substances can be purified by these processes
(c)Stem Distillation :-Liquids which possess high vapour
pressure e.g. aniline is purified by this method
Chromatography:-This is based on differential absorption of
the different constituents of mixture on varions absorbent
e.g. magnesium oxide, silica gel etc.
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