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Difference between heavy hydrogen , Atom Hydrogen and
Hydrogen Ion ?
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Heavy hydrogen:-It is the heavier stop of hydrogen with at
wt.=2 and at. no=1. In its nucleus only 1 proton and I
neutron is present and I electron revolves around the nucleus
Atomic Hydrogen:-It is made up of atoms of hydrogen. Each
atom has one proton in its nucleus and one electric revolves
round the nucleus. At wt.=1 and At.no=1
Hydrogen Ion:-An atom if hydrogen which has lost one
electron and has thus acquired unit +ve charge is known as
hydrogen ion
Ortho and para hydrogen:-Dennison suggested that ordinary
hydrogen is a mixture of two forms known as ortho and para
forms in the ratio 3:1. Later in it was found that the
proportion of two forms in ordinary hydrogen varies with
temp, and one form can be converted into the other
The difference between two forms lies in the spin of nuclei
of two when the two protons or nuclei spin in the same
direction we get ortho hydrogen but when the spins of two
proton nucles are in opposite side the form is called as
para form of hydrogen.
At one temp, the proportion of orhto hydrogen in equilibrium
mixture is 75% but as temp, is lowered, the quantity of
ortho form decreases and the para form increases. At 20.40 A
we have practically pure para hydrogen.
At liquid air temp, with the help of cold charcoal we can
separate the two forms as cold charcoal which can absorb
whole of part hydrogen.
Para hydrogen in contact. At hydrogen is concerted into
ortho hydrogen
Heavy hydrogen:-It is a heavier isotope of hydrogen with
mass equal to 2 nucleus of heavier hydrogen contains one
neutron and one proton as against one proton present in
nucleus of lighter isotope. It is also known as Deuterium
Birze and Mengel suggested that ordinary hydrogen contains
about one para deuterium in 4500 parts of it.
It resembles hydrogen in chemical properties but differ from
it in its physical characteristics. Its latent heat of
vaporization and fusion is higher then that of ordinary hydrogen
The deuterium nucleus also exists in ortho pata forms. The
equilibrium mixture containing two parts ortho to one part
para formed hydrogen at room temp. At lower temp in case of
ordinary hydrogen predominates but in case heavy hydrogen it
is entirely ortho form at lower temp.
It is used as a firing particle in artificial transmutation
of element
Heavy water:-Urey an American chemist discussed this heavy
water he concluded that ordinary water contains one part of
heavy water in 6000 parts of it. The molecule of heavy water
contains that the heavy hydrogen atoms with one oxygen atom.
It is represented by formula D2O
Heavy water is 11% more dense than ordinary water. Its B.P
is 101.4% and freezing point is 3.8o . The difference in
chemical properties between ordinary and heavy water is very
slight
This heavy water is used in study of reactions occurring in
living organisms
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