Answer Posted / kwrtos

The microkernel is a term vaguely defined and loosely used.
Some OS attempts to even claim itself as a nanokernel. A
kernel-oriented OS is of a type of OS architecture that
differs greatly from Monolithic OS in terms of its
architecture design and system operating philosophy.

A kernel based OS collects only those core services into its
kernel, such as dispatcher, process synchronization, memory
management and interprocess communication handler, shuffling
out all other system services outside of the kernel. Those
system services are truned into system processes which
communicate with kernel via system calls (mostly software
interrupt-driven processes). Some kernel vendors have gone
one step further to blur the line between system processes
and user written processes, allowing a conceptual model of
expandable OS upon user's participation. Despite the small
kernel footprint and the limited number of system services
they provide inside the kernel, the OS they have is still a
kernel-oriented OS, within the framework of the same
architecture design.

Another type of OS, which are misnamed as macrokernel, is
called Monolithic OS. It simply indicates it is an OS that
holds itself as a whole piece of operating system where
privilege mode is the way to have an access to system
processes and user mode is only for the world of
applications. No cross-over, simple, and clear-cut is of the
characteristics of this type of operating system.

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