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Answer Posted / sravani
Major Anaplerotic Pathways: (C3 ⇔ C4) interconverstions.
1. Transaminase reactions: conversion of alanine,
aspartate, and glutamate into pyruvate, oxaloacetate,
and α-ketoglutarate, respectively. These reactions are also
the first steps in either gluconeogenesis or
lipogenesis from amino acids.
2. The malic enzyme: generation of pyruvate and thus
acetylCoA from C4 TCA cycle intermediates in
mitochondria, production of NADPH in cell cytoplasm from
amino acids for lipid biosynthesis and release of CO2 for
the Calvin cycle in bundle sheath cells of C4 plants.
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