ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - EXAMPLE 8.1 : A local utility burns coal having the following composition on a dry basis : Carbon (C) 83.05 %, hydrogen (H) 4.45 %, oxygen (O) 3.36 %, nitrogen (N) 1.08 %, sulfur (S) 0.7 % and ash 7.36 %. Calculate the ash free composition of the coal with reference to C, H, O, N and S.
1 2461PROCESS DESIGN - EXAMPLE 21.1 : According to rules of thumb in chemical process design, consider the use of an expander for reducing the pressure of a gas when more than 20 horsepowers can be recovered. The theoretical adiabatic horsepower (THp) for expanding a gas could be estimated from the equation : THp = Q [ Ti / (8130a) ] [ 1 - (Po / Pi) ^ a ] where 3 ^ 3 is 3 power 3 or 27, Q is volumetric flowrate in standard cubic feet per minute, Ti is inlet temperature in degree Rankine, a = (k - 1) / k where k = Cp / Cv, Po and Pi are reference and systemic pressures respectively. (a) Assume Cp / Cv = 1.4, Po = 14.7 psia, (temperature in degree Rankine) = [ (temperature in degree Celsius) + 273.15 ] (9 / 5), nitrogen gas at Pi = 90 psia and 25 degree Celsius flowing at Q = 230 standard cubic feet per minute is to be vented to the atmosphere. According to rules of thumb, should an expander or a valve be used? (b) Find the outlet temperature To by using the equation To = Ti (Po / Pi) ^ a.
1 1552ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING - QUESTION 22.2 : Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) could be calculated using the formula BOD = (DOi - DOf) (Vb / Vs) where Vb = Volume of bottle in ml, Vs = Volume of sample in ml, DOi = Initial dissolved oxygen in mg / L, DOf = Final dissolved oxygen in mg / L. (a) By using a bottle of Vb = 300 ml with sample Vs = 30 ml, find the BOD if DOi = 8.8 mg / L and DOf = 5.9 mg / L. (b) By using a bottle Vb = 600 mL with sample Vs = 100 mL, find the BOD if DOi = 8.8 mg / L and DOf = 4.2 mg / L. (c) Find the average BOD = [ Answer of (a) + Answer of (b) ] / 2. (d) If the BOD-5 test for (a) - (c) is run on a secondary effluent using a nitrification inhibitor, find the nitrogenous BOD (NBOD) = TBOD - CBOD. Let TBOD = 45 mg / L and CBOD = Answer of (c).
1 2353PETROLEUM ENGINEERING - QUESTION 25.1 : Fact 1 : Dry air contains 20.95 % oxygen, 78.09 % nitrogen, 0.93 % argon, 0.039 % carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases by volume. Fact 2 : Volume occupied is directly proportional to the number of moles for ideal gases at constant temperature and pressure. Fact 3 : 12.5 moles of pure oxygen is required to completely burn 1 mole of pure octane. Fact 4 : Air-fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of dry air to fuel present in a combustion process such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace. Fact 5 : Molecular weight of oxygen gas is 31.998 g / mole and molecular weight of nitrogen gas is 28.014 g / mole. (a) Find the molar ratio of nitrogen and oxygen, or (moles of nitrogen) / (moles of oxygen) in dry air, by assuming ideal features of nitrogen and oxygen gases. (b) How many moles of nitrogen are available if dry air is used to completely burn the 1 mole pure octane? (c) Find the mass of fuel of 1 mole of octane with molecular weight of 114.232 g / mole. (d) Find the mass of dry air with 12.5 moles of pure oxygen by assuming only oxygen and nitrogen gases exist in the air. (e) Find the air-fuel ratio (AFR) when octane is used as fuel. (f) Find the fuel-air ratio (FAR) when octane is used as fuel.
1 1640When recording an IR spectrum in the lab, we take no special precautions to account for the presence of oxygen, nitrogen, or argon in the air. What are the consequences of this?
1 1944
At which growth stage of wheat maximum biological nitrogen fixation occurs?
what are the advantages of nitrogen and phosphorus in plant fertilizers?
How to calculate the volumetric capacity of a oxygen & Nitrogen gas Cylinder if pressure is 145 kg/cm2 & water capacity of cylinder is 67 liters.
Who are the manufacturer for Nitrogen based Fire Protectio/explosion prevention for Oil Filled Transformers? India and international both?
why nitrogen charecter as a inert gas plz identified
Explain the role of nitrogen in welding.
How much amount of energy is required to break the triple bond in nitrogen molecule?
Why nitrogen cannot form penta halides?
Which is the most reactive element in nitrogen family?
How many sigma and pi bonds are present in nitrogen formula?
What is the role of nitrogen in welding?
What is the hybridization at nitrogen?
What is the nitrogen cycle?
What is the most abundant form under which nitrogen is found in nature?
What is the respective importance of water, carbon, and nitrogen for the living beings?