Answer / mohan reddy

In 3 ways we can able to create object without using "new"
operator.

1)Using a Static Factory Method
ABC.getInstance();
2)Using newInstance() method...
class A=(A)Class.forName("A").newInstance();
3)Using clone() method.

Answer / giridhar gangapatnam

There are 4 ways to create object:

1.using new operator
Employee obj=new Employee();
Except this one

2.using factory methods
NumberFormat obj=NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();

3.using newInstance() method
Class c=Class.forName("Employee");
Employee obj=(Employee)c.newInstance();
or we can write these two lines as a single line
Employee obj=
(Employee)Class.forName("Employee").newInstance();

4.By cloning
Employee obj1=new Employee();
Employee obj2=(Employee)obj1.clone();

Answer / seshu godavarthi

when the class is declared as static we can create an
object for the class without instantiating or without using
new operator...we can access the variables or methods in
the class by using the classname

Question 5 [15] Consider the following classes, illustrating the Strategy design pattern: import java.awt.*; abstract class Text { protected TextApplet tA; protected Text(TextApplet tApplet) { tA = tApplet; } abstract public void draw(Graphics g); } class PlainText extends Text { protected PlainText(TextApplet tApplet) { super(tApplet); } public void draw(Graphics g) { g.setColor(tA.getColor()); g.setFont(new Font("Sans-serif", Font.PLAIN, 12)); g.drawString(tA.getText(), 20, 20); } } class CodeText extends Text { protected CodeText(TextApplet tApplet) { super(tApplet); } public void draw(Graphics g) { g.setColor(tA.getColor()); g.setFont(new Font("Monospaced", Font.PLAIN, 12)); g.drawString(tA.getText(), 20, 20); } } public class TextApplet extends java.applet.Applet { protected Text text; protected String textVal; protected Color color; public String getText() { return textVal; } public Color getColor() { return color; } public void init() { textVal = getParameter("text"); String textStyle = getParameter("style"); String textColor = getParameter("color"); if (textStyle == "code") text = new CodeText(this); else text = new PlainText(this); if (textColor == "red") color = Color.RED; else if (textColor == "blue") color = Color.BLUE; else color = Color.BLACK; } public void paint(Graphics g) { text.draw(g); 10 } } The Text class is more complicated than it should be (there is too much coupling between the Text and TextApplet classes). By getting rid of the reference to a TextApplet object in the Text class and setting the colour in the paint() method, one could turn the Text class into an interface and simplify the strategy classes considerably. 5.1 Rewrite the Text and PlainText classes to do what is described above. (6) 5.2 Explain the consequent changes that are necessary to the TextApplet class. (4) 5.3 Write an additional strategy class called FancyText (to go with your simplified strategy classes) to allow fancy text to be displayed for the value "fancy" provided for the style parameter. It should use the font Font ("Serif", Font.ITALIC, 12). (3) 5.4 Explain what changes are necessary to the TextApplet class for this. (2)

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