Answer Posted / kunal ingale

1. Forward:-
In finance, a forward contract or simply a forward is a non-standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed upon today.[1] This is in contrast to a spot contract, which is an agreement to buy or sell an asset today.
2. Futures:-
In finance, a futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties to exchange a specified asset of standardized quantity and quality for a price agreed today (the futures price or the strike price) with delivery occurring at a specified future date, the delivery date. The contracts are traded on a futures exchange. The party agreeing to buy the underlying asset in the future, the "buyer" of the contract, is said to be "long", and the party agreeing to sell the asset in the future, the "seller" of the contract, is said to be "short".
3. Call/put option:-
Broadly speaking, options can be classified as ‘call’ options and ‘put’ options. When you buy a ‘call’ option, on a stock, you acquire a right to buy the stock. And when you buy a ‘put’ option, you acquire a right to sell the stock. You can also sell a ‘call’ option, in which, you will acquire an obligation to deliver the stock.
4. Arbitrage:-
In economics and finance, arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a price difference between two or more markets: striking a combination of matching deals that capitalize upon the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices. When used by academics, an arbitrage is a transaction that involves no negative cash flow at any probabilistic or temporal state and a positive cash flow in at least one state; in simple terms, it is the possibility of a risk-free profit at zero cost.
5. Hedging:-
Hedging means reducing or controlling risk. This is done by taking a position in the futures market that is opposite to the one in the physical market with the objective of reducing or limiting risks associated with price changes
Hedging is a two-step process. A gain or loss in the cash position due to changes in price levels will be countered by changes in the value of a futures position.
6. Speculation:-
Speculation is a financial action that does not promise safety of capital investment along with the return on the principal sum.[1] A person or entity that engages in speculation is known as a Speculator. Speculation typically involves the lending of money for the purchase of assets, equity or debt but in a manner that has not been given thorough analysis or is deemed to have low margin of safety or a significant risk of the loss of the principal investment.
7. Collateral management:-
Borrowing funds often requires the designation of collateral on the part of the recipient of the loan.
Collateral is legally watertight, valuable liquid property[3] that is pledged by the recipient as security on the value of the loan.
The main reason of taking collateral is credit risk reduction, especially during the time of the debt defaults, the currency crisis and the failure of major hedge funds. But there are many other motivations why parties take collateral from each other.

Dear All, myself B.k Singh graduate with B.Com and PGDBM - Finance, I was worked with Service Company for 6 yrs.Now past 2yrs working with Real Estate,moreover I want to some course short term, plz guide me.

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Short Answer on -----Trade mark

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Sensitive field have been defined and customized for vendor master data. For which of the following sensitive fields will an update trigger dual control?(any 1 answer) Currency Account group IBAN VENDOR ACCOUNT NUMBER

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2. You are required to prepare a Profit & Loss Account for the year ending 31st December, 2007 and the Balance Sheet on that date. The Trial Balance of XYZ Ltd. for the year ended 31st December 2007 is as follows:- Trial Balance of XYZ Ltd. as on 31st Dec. 2007 Debit Balances Rs. Credit Balances Rs. Materials used 3,50,000 Sales(including 2% Sales tax) 9,18,000 Cost of Labour 1,50,000 Sale of Scrap 100 Stock, finished and work in process on 31st December, 2006 50,000 Rent received 2,000 Wages : Factory Staff 15,000 Discounts 2,750 Directors Remuneration 50,000 Recovered against fire claim re : Stock 5,000 Salaries : Clerical Staff 75,000 Capital : Equity 25,000 Insurances : Workmen’s Compensation 1,500 Preference- 9% 8,000 General, fire etc. 2,000 Creditors 1,56,000 Directors’ Life Insurance 1,500 Provision for Taxation 1,05,000 Maintenance : Buildings 1,000 Profit & Loss Account 13,750 Plant and Machinery 12,500 Rent and Rates of premises and hire of plant 20,000 Heat, Light and Power 15,000 Experimental and Laboratory Expenses 10,000 Canteen Expenses 5,000 Staff Welfare expenses 2,500 Motor Expenses 12,500 Professional Charges 2,800 Postage and Telephone 3,500 Books, Printing and Stationery 11,000 Sundry expenses 10,000 Carriage and Packing on Sales 3,300 Discounts 5,000 Debtors 1,78,000 Freehold Property 50,000 Plant and Machinery 12,500 Fixtures and Fittings – Offices 3,500 Office machinery and Equipment 3,000 Motor Car and Van 6,500 Stock of materials on 31st Dec. 2007 1,20,000 Bank 38,000 Sales Tax Paid 15,000 12,35,600 12,35,600 Depreciation is to be provided at the following rates: Plant and Machinery 10% Fixture and Fittings 05% Office Machinery, etc. 10% Motor Vans and Cars 25% The stock of finished goods and work in progress as on 31st December, 2007 was Rs. 35,000. Provide for preference dividend and ordinary dividend at 10%. The total taxation liability is estimated at Rs.1,50,000 of which Rs. 75,000 relates to the current year. Debtors include Rs. 10,000 deposited as security against government contracts. The Works Manager is paid partly by salary and partly by a commission; he is entitled to a commission of 5% on the amount by which the surplus in the factory cost exceeds 20% of the sales for the period. Charge the commission if any in the Profit and Loss Account.

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What is the mening of uidnvhe.?

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send me accounting test ppaers

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how to maintain stock if any entry mismatch pllzz tell me short cut

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Ram retired from partnership. The partners with mutual consent agreed to put the capital balance as on the date of retirement as loan to the firm @ 18% pa. The credit balance to his capital account was Rs 325000/- Pass necessary entry

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Can anybody send me Interview questions & Answers to me IN Accounts & finance my Mail ID - virupaksha_krt@rediffmail.com

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Explain why retained earnings have an opportunity cost associated?

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