Answer Posted / anwar
In computing, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a subset
of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies
where an identified resource is available and the mechanism
for retrieving it. In popular usage and in many technical
documents and verbal discussions it is often incorrectly
used as a synonym for URI,[1] the best-known example of
which is the 'address' of a web page on the World Wide Web.
Every URL consists of some of the following: the scheme name
(commonly called protocol), followed by a colon, then,
depending on scheme, a hostname (alternatively, IP address),
a port number, the path of the resource to be fetched or the
program to be run, then, for programs such as Common Gateway
Interface (CGI) scripts, a query string,[6][7] and with
HTML documents, an anchor (optional) for where the page
should start to be displayed.[8]
The combined syntax is
scheme://username:password@domain:port/path?query_string#anchor
* The scheme name, or resource type, defines its
namespace, purpose, and the syntax of the remaining part of
the URL. Most Web-enabled programs will try to dereference a
URL according to the semantics of its scheme and a context.
For example, a Web browser will usually dereference the URL
http://example.org:80 by performing an HTTP request to the
host example.org, at the port number 80. Dereferencing the
URN mailto:bob@example.com will usually start an e-mail
composer with the address bob@example.com in the To field.
o Other examples of scheme names include https:
gopher:, wais:, ftp:. URLs that specify https as a scheme
(such as https://example.com/) denote a secure website.
* The registered domain name or IP address gives the
destination location for the URL. The domain google.com, or
its IP address 72.14.207.99, is the address of Google's website.
* The hostname and domain name portion of a URL are
case-insensitive since the DNS is specified to ignore case.
http://en.wikipedia.org/ and HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/ both
open the same page.
* The port number is optional; if omitted, the default
for the scheme is used. For example, if
http://myvncserver.no-ip.org:5800 is typed into the address
bar of a browser it will connect to port 5800 of
myvncserver.no-ip.org; this port is used by the VNC remote
control program and would set up a remote control session.
If the port number is omitted a browser will connect to port
80, the default HTTP port.
* The path is used to find the resource specified. It is
case-sensitive, though it may be treated as case-insensitive
by some servers, especially those based on Microsoft
Windows. If the server is case sensitive and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL is correct,
http://en.wikipedia.org/WIKI/URL/ or
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/url/ will display an HTTP 404
error page.
* The query string contains data to be passed to web
applications such as CGI programs. The query string contains
name/value pairs separated by ampersands, with names and
values in each pair being separated by equal signs, for
example first_name=John&last_name=Doe.
* The anchor part when used with HTTP specifies a
location on the page. For example
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL#Syntax addresses the
beginning of the Syntax section of the page.
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