a)tell density of steel , concrete, bricks , sand and
aggregates.? b) what is knife test for wooden doors ? c)
what is the meaning of term abrasion? what is tested in it?
d) why pile foundation is provided in BCS?e) By total
station what activities can be performed and on what
principle it works? f) what is creep?

Answer Posted / suresh

continution to the above answer.
the process of wearing down or rubbing away by means of friction is called abrasion.
the resistance to wearing is found by the loss of the material
through 1.7mm sieve.

the black cotton soil has a mineral named montmorillonite,which has extensive shrinkage and swelling
characteristics with the variation of the moisture content.
as this shrinkage and swelling reduces with the increase of
the depth (about 1.5m depth no variation) we adopt pile
foundation for such soils.

by total station the measurement of horizontal, vertical angles and the sloping distances can be measured.
it works on the principle of electronic distance
measurement which based on measuring the phase difference between transmitted and reflected waves.

the increase in deformation (strain) under sustained
load (stress) is called creep.

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