Answer Posted / akhter sayeed
In 1960 in his book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise' mcgregor
mentioned about Theory X and Theory Y.McGregor maintained
that there are two fundamental approaches to managing
people. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally
get poor results. Enlightened managers use theory y, which
produces better performance and results, and allows people
to grow and develop.
theory x ('authoritarian management' style)
The average person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she
can.
Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of
punishment to work towards organisational objectives.
The average person prefers to be directed; to avoid
responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants
security above all else.
theory y ('participative management' style)
Effort in work is as natural as work and play.
People will apply self-control and self-direction in the
pursuit of organisational objectives, without external
control or the threat of punishment.
Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards
associated with their achievement.
People usually accept and often seek responsibility.
The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity
and creativity in solving organisational problems is
widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.
In industry the intellectual potential of the average
person is only partly utilised.
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