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Relation in between KWH & KVAH for Electrical consumption
unit & how we can relate if KWH is lower than KVAH
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Answer Posted / joel, just joel
Previous posts are fairly accurate in defining power factor. Taking it a step further, the power factor is affected by the types of devices, appliances, or machinery on the customer premises consuming the electrical power. For instance, a factory with a large number of electric motors and no special power factor correct equipment installed will have a low power factor. Lower power factor loads will cost the utilities more money to deliver the same amount of real (kWh) power because they will need to oversize their cables, switchgear, transformers, etc. to handle the higher current demand. But you can bet they will pass that extra cost on to the customers. Residential customers will typically have a power factor near 100%, so the utility will not be concerned about them. Factories, however, are more likely to be a concern to the utility companies. Note that utilities reserve the right to charge extra if a customer has a low power factor. For instance, from swepco.com: "Power Factor Adjustment: The Company reserves the right to determine the power factor of the Customer's installation served hereunder. Should the average lagging power factor during the month be determined to be below 90%, the Customer's Kilowatts of Maximum Demand will be adjusted by multiplying the Kilowatts of Maximum Demand by 90% and dividing by the average lagging power factor."
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Dear all, I just want to ask an expert on this forum for some insights. For the magnetic balance test, when applied voltage on a Delta-Star transformer e.g. Dyn11, the following relationships apply for HV side: 1. H1-H2 = H2-H3 H3-H1 2. H2-H3 = H3-H1 H1-H2 3. H3-H1 = H1-H2 H2-H3 For the LV side also: 4. X1-X0 = X2-X0 X3-X0 5. X2-X0 = X3-X0 X1-X0 6. X3-X0 = X1-X0 X2-X0 Is there a similar pattern for Y-d, Y-Y, D-d? And how about Y-z, D-z, Z-y transformers? I've tested a YNzn5 transformer and for LV side I don't see the pattern. In this particular case I got for LV side the following (see values below): H1-H0 H2-H0 H3-H0 X0-X1 X0-X2 X0-X3 128.0 119.9 7.2 29.2 13.3 15.8 70.7 128.4 59.2 23.4 22.0 3.6 7.2 120.1 128.1 13.4 29.3 15.8 What is the relationship here for LV? For row 1 I see the relationship, for row 3 I also see but it's shifted, but for row 2 I don't see such relationship. Any suggestions, answers, someone?
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