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How does Garbage collector(GC) works in .net
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Answer Posted / viresh rajput
The Garbage Collector (GC) can be considered the heart of
the .NET Framework. It manages the allocation and release of
memory for any .NET application. In order to create good
.NET applications, we must know how the Garbage Collector
(GC) works.
All the living objects from the managed heap are divided in
three groups by their age. Those groups are generically
called "Generations". Those generations are very useful to
prevent memory fragmentation on the managed heap. The
Garbage Collector (GC) can search for dead object on each
generation at a time (partial collections), to improve the
collecting performance.
Now let’s see what the Garbage Collector (GC) is using each
generation for:
Generation 0 (Gen0) contains all the newly created
objects and it is located on the top of the heap zone
(higher memory addresses). All the objects contained by Gen0
are considered short-lived object and the Garbage Collector
(GC) is expecting to them to be quickly destroyed in order
to release the used memory space. Due to this presumption,
the Garbage Collector (GC) will try to collect dead objects
most often from Gen0 because it is cheapest.
Generation 1 (Gen1) contains all the living objects from
Gen0 that have survived to several Gen0 collects. So those
objects are upgraded from Generation 0 to Generation 1. Gen1
is defined in the middle of the heap zone and it is exposed
to fewer garbage collects than Gen0. Gen1’s collects are
more expensive than the Gen0’s so the Garbage Collector (GC)
will try to avoid them if it is not really necessary.
Generation 2 (Gen2) contains all the living objects from
Gen1 that have survived to several Gen2 collects. Those
objects are considered long-lived objects and destroying
them is very expensive. Because of this, the Garbage
Collector (GC) will hardly try to collect them. The Gen2
zone is located on the bottom of the managed heap zone
(lowest memory addresses).
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