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What is cold junction compensation in thermocouples? How is
it achieved?
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Answer Posted / guest
A thermocouple measurement involves two thermocouples, one
at hot junction and another, a cold junction, at 0degC.
Maintaining this cold junction at 0 degC is cumbersome, and
it is easier if it can be at room temperature. The
indicated temperature will be lesser by "room temperature
value", and if room temperature varies, then the indicated
temperature also varies. Measures to counteract these
errors is called cold junction compensation. When cold
junction temperature increases, the voltage from
thermocouple decreases. If an equivalent voltage is added
to this, then cold junction errors can be removed.One can
monitor this cold junction (near the terminals where the
thermocouples get connected to copper wires of indicator)
using another sensor, and add an equivalent voltage to
thermocouple voltage to compensate for changes in cold
junction. Alternatively, the ambient temperature measured
can be added to temperature computed from thermocouple
voltage to get CJC.
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