Answer Posted / ganesh

In java object typecasting one object reference can be type
cast into another object reference. The cast can be to its
own class type or to one of its subclass or superclass types
or interfaces. There are compile-time rules and runtime
rules for casting in java.
Consider an interface Vehicle, a super class Car and its
subclass Ford. The following example shows the automatic
conversion of object references handled by the compiler

interface Vehicle {
}
class Car implements Vehicle {
}

class Ford extends Car {
}

Let c be a variable of type Car class and f be of class Ford
and v be an vehicle interface reference. We can assign the
Ford reference to the Car variable:
I.e. we can do the following

'''Example 1
c = f; //Ok Compiles fine'''

Where c = new Car();
And, f = new Ford();
The compiler automatically handles the conversion
(assignment) since the types are compatible (sub class -
super class relationship), i.e., the type Car can hold the
type Ford since a Ford is a Car.

Question 5 [15] Consider the following classes, illustrating the Strategy design pattern: import java.awt.*; abstract class Text { protected TextApplet tA; protected Text(TextApplet tApplet) { tA = tApplet; } abstract public void draw(Graphics g); } class PlainText extends Text { protected PlainText(TextApplet tApplet) { super(tApplet); } public void draw(Graphics g) { g.setColor(tA.getColor()); g.setFont(new Font("Sans-serif", Font.PLAIN, 12)); g.drawString(tA.getText(), 20, 20); } } class CodeText extends Text { protected CodeText(TextApplet tApplet) { super(tApplet); } public void draw(Graphics g) { g.setColor(tA.getColor()); g.setFont(new Font("Monospaced", Font.PLAIN, 12)); g.drawString(tA.getText(), 20, 20); } } public class TextApplet extends java.applet.Applet { protected Text text; protected String textVal; protected Color color; public String getText() { return textVal; } public Color getColor() { return color; } public void init() { textVal = getParameter("text"); String textStyle = getParameter("style"); String textColor = getParameter("color"); if (textStyle == "code") text = new CodeText(this); else text = new PlainText(this); if (textColor == "red") color = Color.RED; else if (textColor == "blue") color = Color.BLUE; else color = Color.BLACK; } public void paint(Graphics g) { text.draw(g); 10 } } The Text class is more complicated than it should be (there is too much coupling between the Text and TextApplet classes). By getting rid of the reference to a TextApplet object in the Text class and setting the colour in the paint() method, one could turn the Text class into an interface and simplify the strategy classes considerably. 5.1 Rewrite the Text and PlainText classes to do what is described above. (6) 5.2 Explain the consequent changes that are necessary to the TextApplet class. (4) 5.3 Write an additional strategy class called FancyText (to go with your simplified strategy classes) to allow fancy text to be displayed for the value "fancy" provided for the style parameter. It should use the font Font ("Serif", Font.ITALIC, 12). (3) 5.4 Explain what changes are necessary to the TextApplet class for this. (2)

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