mention the funtions about connection oriented and
connectionless protocol and how it works ?
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Answer Posted / shashikant sharma
In connection-oriented protocols, corresponding entities
maintain state information about the dialogue they are
engaged in. This connection state information supports
error, sequence and flow control between the corresponding
entities. The windowing scheme presented earlier is an
example of a connection-oriented protocol.
Error control refers to a combination of error detection
(and correction) and acknowledgment sufficient to
compensate for any unreliability inherent to the channel.
Sequence control refers to the ability for each entity to
reconstruct a received series of messages in the proper
order in which they were intended to be received; this is
essential to being able to transmit large files across
dynamically-routed mesh networks. Flow control refers to
the ability for both parties in a dialogue to avoid
overrunning their peer with too many messages.
Connection-oriented protocols operate in three phases. The
first phase is the connection setup phase, during which the
corresponding entities establish the connection and
negotiate the parameters defining the connection. The
second phase is the data transfer phase, during which the
corresponding entities exchange messages under the auspices
of the connection. Finally, the connection release phase is
when the correspondents "tear down" the connection because
it is no longer needed.
An everyday example of a connection-oriented protocol is a
telephone call. The call originator must first "dial" the
destination phone number. The telephony infrastructure must
setup the end-to-end circuit, then "power ring" the call
terminator. From this point on, the connection is in place
until one of the parties hangs up. Once the called party
answers the phone, another level of connection (between
people) must be established before real messages can be
exchanged.
Connectionless protocols differ markedly from connection-
oriented protocols in that they do not provide the
capability for error, sequence and flow control. Nor do
they have any connection state maintenance requirement.
Each message is considered to be independent of all others
in a connectionless protocol. Whether or not a given
message is received correctly and when has no bearing on
other messages; somehow the destination must sort things
out and make sense of it all.
Connectionless protocols are always in the data transfer
phase, with no explicit setup or release phases as in
connection-oriented protocols.
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