SIMPLE REASONING QUESTION
Statement:All bats are balls.
Conclusion:Some balls are bats.
The conclusion is true or false???
I m 99% sure its true. 1% doubt so asking.
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Answer Posted / poorna
Hey there are some logical rules.
2 statements are given.
The statements is known as premises
one conclusion (answer)
Premise starts with
ALL
NO
SOME
SOME NOT
Premise consists of SUBJECT and PREDICATE
Derivation of answers:
-----------------------------------------------------------|
Affirmative negative |
-----------------------------------------------------------|
Universal All No |
|
Particular Some Some not |
Many Many not |
-----------------------------------------------------------|
Middle term:
The word that occurs in both the premises is middle term.
RULE1:
THE ANSWER SHOULD NOT CONSIST OF MIDDLE TERM.
Eg:
all dogs are cats (universal affirmative sentence)
all cats are pigs (universal affirmative sentence)
here the MIDDLE TERM is CATS
SO, IN ANSWER, CATS SHOULD NOT COME (Acc to the rule)
Rule of distribution of subject and predicate:
------------------------------------------------------------
Subject Predicate
------------------------------------------------------------
Universal affirmative ˇ ×
Universal Negative ˇ ˇ
Particular affirmative × ×
Particular negative × ˇ
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule2
Every detuction must contain three and only three distinct terms
rule3
Middle term must be distributed at least once in premises
rule4
if one premise is negative, then the conclusion is neg
rule5
if one premise is particular, then the conclusion is particular.
rule6
if premises are negative / particular, no conclusion.
rule7
no term can be distributed inconclusionif it is not distributed in premises.
here
s p
all dogs are cats (universal affirmative sentence)
s p
all cats are pigs (universal affirmative sentence)
cats middle term
acc to the distribution rule, in universal affirmative,
subject is distributed and predicate is not distributed.
so
ˇ ×
dogs cats
ˇ ×
cats pigs
eliminating the middle term, we have
dogs pigs
s p
the middle term cat occurs in both the premises and distributed once in premise we can conclude as
ALL DOGS ARE PIGS.
| Is This Answer Correct ? | 30 Yes | 6 No |
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