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CMM - Capability Maturity Model
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) in software engineering
is a model of the maturity of the capability of certain
business processes. A maturity model can be described as a
structured collection of elements that describe certain
aspects of maturity in an organization, and aids in the
definition and understanding of an organization's
processes. The CMM has been superseded by the Capability
Maturity Model Integration (CMMI).
OVERVIEW :
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) was originally
developed as a tool for objectively assessing the ability
of government contractors' processes to perform a
contracted software project. The CMM is based on the
Process Maturity Framework first described in the 1989
book "Managing the Software Process" by Watts Humphrey and
later published in its full form as a book in 1995 by Mark
Paulk, Charles Weber, Bill Curtis, and Mary Beth Chrissis.
Though it comes from the area of software development, it
has also been applied to improving organizational processes
in diverse areas; for example in software engineering,
system engineering, project management, software
maintenance, risk management, system acquisition,
information technology (IT), services, business processes,
and human capital management. The CMM has been used
extensively not only by government, but has also been
widely adopted in software and application development
organizations around the world, and most notably by
organizations offering offshore outsourcing services.
HISTORY :
The Capability Maturity Model is based on the Process
Maturity Framework first described in the 1989
book "Managing the Software Process" by Watts Humphrey.
Humphrey based this framework on the earlier Quality
Maturity Grid developed by Phil Crosby in his book "Quality
Is Free". However, Humphrey's approach differed because of
his unique insight that organizations mature their
processes in stages based on solving process problems in a
specific order. Humphrey based his approach on the staged
evolution of a system of software development practices
within an organization, rather than measuring the maturity
of each separate development process independently. This
insight has given the staged maturity models based on
Humphrey's original framework their unique power for
improving organizational performance
Humphrey began developing his process maturity concepts
during the later stages of his 27 year career at IBM. He
joined the Software Engineering Institute located at
Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in
1986 after retiring from IBM. At the request of the U.S.
Air Force he began formalizing his Process Maturity
Framework to aid the U.S. Department of Defense in
evaluating the capability of software contractors as part
of awarding contracts. Organizations were originally
assessed using a process maturity questionnaire and a
Software Capability Evaluation method devised by Humphrey
and his colleagues at the SEI[clarification needed]. The
full representation of the Capability Maturity Model as a
collection of defined process areas and practices at each
of the five maturity levels was initiated 1991, with
Version 1.1 being completed in January 1993. The CMM was
published as a book in 1995 by its primary authors, Mark C.
Paulk, Charles V. Weber, Bill Curtis, and Mary Beth
Chrissis.
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