Answer Posted / Bhupendra Sharma

{"with() Function": "The with() function in R allows you to work with objects (like data frames) within their own scope, which can simplify the code. It takes a named list as its argument and evaluates each element in the context of the object. For example: with(myDataFrame, mean(x)) calculates the mean of x within myDataFrame.", "by() Function": "The by() function applies a user-defined function to subsets of data created based on a grouping variable. This is useful for performing statistical analyses and aggregations separately for each group."}

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