Answer Posted / Satyendra Gupta
The key components of Android architecture include the Linux Kernel, Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), Android Runtime, Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) or ART, Application Framework and Native Libraries. The Linux Kernel provides low-level access to hardware, while HAL abstracts the hardware for higher level software components. Android Runtime manages applications and their lifecycle, DVM or ART executes the bytecode generated by the Java compiler, and the application framework provides APIs for creating user interfaces, data management, networking and more.
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