Answer Posted / Avaneesh Kumar Sahu

In R Hierarchical Clustering: 1. Agglomerative (bottom-up) and Divisive (top-down) methods are used. 2. It builds a hierarchy of clusters by iteratively merging or splitting clusters based on their similarities. 3. It is sensitive to outliers as it treats all variables equally. 4. The result is a dendrogram, which can be cut at different levels to form various numbers of clusters.

How can you verify if a given object “X” is a matrix data object?

118

How will you convert a factor variable to numeric in r language?

148

Given a vector of numbers, how would you turn the values into scientific notation?

103