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The simplest form of servers are disk servers and file
servers. With a file server, the client passes requests for
files or file records over a network to the file server.
This form of data service requires large bandwidth and can
slow a network with many users down considerably.
Traditional LAN computing allows users to share resources,
such as data files and peripheral devices, by moving them
from standalone PCUs onto a Networked File Server (NFS).
The more advanced form of servers are database servers,
transaction server and application servers (Orfali and
Harkey 1992). In database servers, clients passes SQL
(Structured Query Language) requests as messages to the
server and the results of the query are returned over the
network. The code that processes the SQL request and the
data resides on the server allowing it to use its own
processing power to find the requested data, rather than
pass all the records back to a client and let it find its
own data as was the case for the file server. In
transaction servers, clients invoke remote procedures that
reside on servers which also contains an SQL database
engine. There are procedural statements on the server to
execute a group of SQL statements (transactions) which
either all succeed or fail as a unit. The applications
based on transaction servers are called On-line Transaction
Processing (OLTP) and tend to be mission-critical
applications which require 1-3 second response time, 100%
of the time and require tight controls over the security
and integrity of the database.
The communication overhead in this approach is kept to a
minimum as the exchange typically consists of a single
request/reply (as opposed to multiple SQL statements in
database servers). Application servers are not necessarily
database centered but are used to server user needs, such
as. download capabilities from Dow Jones or regulating a
electronic mail process. Basing resources on a server
allows users to share data, while security and management
services, which are also based in the server, ensure data
integrity and security.
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