Is bulkage is considered in crushed sand?
if yes..then what is the percentage ??

Answer Posted / shekhar

Yes,

The volume of dry sand increases due to absorption of moisture. These volume increase of dry sand is known as bulking of sand. When dry sand comes in contact with moisture, a thin film is formed around the particles, which causes them to get apart from each other. This results in increasing the volume of sand.

Bulking of sand totally depends on the moisture content and it increases with the increase of moisture. It has been found that 4% moisture content (by weight) of dry sand may increase its volume up to 25 – 30% depending upon the grading. Finer sand particles result in extreme bulking.
Further addition of water causes the film around the particles to break and thus the volume of sand get reduced. When the quantity of water in sand becomes more than 20 % or the sand is fully immersed in water its volume becomes the same as that of dry sand.

The percentage of bulking of sand can be easily calculated by following this field method.
1.Pour the sample of damp sand in a graduated glass cylinder of 250 ml capacity.
2.Consolidate the sand by shaking. When the sample is reached to 200 ml mark, fill the cylinder with water and stir well.
3.After stirring, the level of sand will be dropped below the 200 ml mark. Measure the height of submerged sand and mark it as “X” ml.
4.Now calculate the percentage of bulking of sand by given formula:

% Bulking = ( 200-X/X) * 100

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