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Why is starter necessary for a three-phase induction motor?
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Answer Posted / sharif
at starting, The relative speed between the field and the stationery conductor (the rotor) is maximum and the resistance of winding is very small. If rated voltage is applied to the motor a current of 500%-800% of nominal current is drawn from the the supply. The starting current will be diminished when the rotor picks up speed. This high starting current will heat up the motor and may also damage insulation. The starting toque, which is proportional to the squared of the voltage will also be massive and might damage the load connected to the shaft of the motor. Another Important factor is the voltage dip in the network due to the sudden withdrawal of large current from the network. To overcome all these problems, a starter is used especially for big industrial motors. Factors, such as size of the motor, type of load, duty cycle and the environment are important when selecting a particular starter for a motor. The best starters are soft-starters and variable speed drives (V.S.D). With the use of VSDs, you can limit the starting current and also regulate the torque -speed characteristics of the motor as per requirements of the load.
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