What is loop or pigtail in an impulse line?
Answer Posted / suresh m (fcri)
Loop/Pigtail helps provide for tube expansion due to
temperature changes. If tube is straight and directly
inserts into the pressure transmitter (which is also
rigidly fixed to a support), there will be streses in tube
due to expansion/contractions.
In steam applications, impulse tubes are to drain
condensate back into process line and transmitter is fixed
generally above process line. The same with gas
applications. For liquid applications, the impulse tube
slopes to eliminate gas formation inside which escapes back
to process line.
In both cases, the pigtail/loop will therefore have to be
appropriately directed (either upward or downward
respectively, even as slope is maintained for impulse
lines).
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Q1: Consider part of a control loop, which excludes the transmitter, consisting of a process, a controller and a control valve which may be represented by two dead times of 0.5 min each and three exponential lags of 0.8 min., 1.0 min. and 1.5 min. respectively. We wish to express this system as an overall first order plus dead time (FOPLD) model ie gain, time constant and process dead time. (We will see later that this is often done, to simplify controller tuning). For this exercise, gain is considered to be 1.0. (A) If the transmitter is a flow transmitter whose behaviour can be described by a dead time of 0.2 min. and an exponential lag of 0.5 min. in terms of the overall dead time and overall first order lag how can the system behaviour be approximated ? Overall dead time = Overall time constant = (B) If the transmitter is a temperature transmitter with a temperature sensor in a protecting well whose behaviour can be described by a dead time of 0.7 min. and an exponential lag of 15 min. how can the overall system behaviour be approximated now? Overall dead time = Overall time constant =
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