Answer Posted / adu
Quantum cryptography describes the use of quantum mechanical
effects (in particular quantum communication and quantum
computation) to perform cryptographic tasks or to break
cryptographic systems. The use of classical (i.e.,
non-quantum) cryptography to protect against quantum
attackers[clarification needed] is also often considered as
quantum cryptography[citation needed] (in this case, one
also speaks of post-quantum cryptography).
Well-known examples of quantum cryptography are the use of
quantum communication to securely exchange a key (quantum
key distribution) and the (hypothetical) use of quantum
computers that would allow the breaking of various popular
public-key encryption and signature schemes (e.g., RSA and
ElGamal).
The advantage of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that
it allows the completion of various cryptographic tasks that
are proven or conjectured to be impossible using only
classical (i.e., non-quantum) communication (see below for
examples). In particular, quantum mechanics guarantees that
measuring quantum data disturbs that data; this can be used
to detect an adversary's interference with a message.
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