Answer Posted / svh00987
Harmonics is a hypothetical group of sine waves each
representing frequency as a different multiple of the
Fundamental frequency which is having a distorted waveform.
All these hypothetical frequencies, if superimposed, would
result in to a single frequency with the exact distorted
waveform.
Each of these waves is call a harmonic. If the frequency of
the wave is twice the fundamental frequency, it is called
the 2nd harmonic and so on...
As such, if the most prominent wave is 3rd harminic, a
tuned filter could be designed to bypass that component and
thus improve the wave form.
It is just like making a car which is pulling towards left,
to go straight by applying a force towards right by your
right hand. Whatever sub-concious calculations your brain
does to determine the force required to be applied by the
right hand, similar analysis is possible by using
annalyzing instruments to determine contribution of various
harmonics towards distorting the original wave form.
The distortion is caused due to non- linear loads i.e.
loads which do not draw current continuously during a cycle.
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