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what is the difference between specific gravity and density
of a substance?
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Answer Posted / amit patil
Density is a measure the mass of an object has divided by
the volume that object occupies. In SI units it is
expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (Kgm-3).
Specific gravity is a measure of the relative weight of a
substance when compared to the same volume of water. The
specific gravity is calculated by taking the density of a
substance and dividing it by the density of water. In SI
units we are dividing Kgm-3 by Kgm-3 so it has no units.
For example a substance that has a specific gravity of 7.0
is seven times as dense as water and will have a weight 7.0
times as great as an identical volume of water. A substance
with a specific gravity of 0.5 is half as dense as water
and will weigh half as much as an equivalent volume of
water.
In the SI system water has a density of 1,000 kilograms per
cubic meter, 1,000 Kgm-3, so in reality, when you convert
the density to specific gravity you are actually dividing
by 1,000.
Specific gravity is important when you are trying to
calculate buoyancy. If a substance has a specific gravity
less than 1.0 then it is less dense than water and will
float. If it has a specific gravity greater than 1.0 then
it is more dense than water and will sink
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