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Imagine that you are appointed as the manager of a reputed
company. How will you plan the various activities in your
organization?
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Answer Posted / sapna arora
Planning is a process which involves the determination of
future course of action, that is why an action, what an
action, how to take action and when to take action. Terry
has defined planning in terms of future course of action.
He says that:
"Planning is the selection and relating of facts and making
and using of assumptions regarding the future in the
visualization and formalization of proposed activities
believed necessary to achieve desired result"
Being a Manager of reputed company. I will take following
steps to plan various activites:
STEPS IN PLANNING
It is not possible to prescribe a certain fixed process of
planning for all organizations or for all types of plans.
The major steps in planning are the following:
1. Perception of Opportunities. It is related with the
awareness of the opportunities for deciding whether a
programme should at all be carried on. Any organisational
activity requires the help of environment that is social
factor.
2. Establishing Objectives in fact, the first step in
planning process is the determination of organisation
objectives. These objectives set the pattern of the
proposed course of action and the purpose of the future
action is to arrive at these objectives.
3. Establishing Planning Premises. Premises are the various
factors that affect planning. There are several factors
which affect the organisational functioning. These are
political factors, ethical standards, government controls,
fiscal policy, price, demand and availability of various
factors of production. The information is collected in
respect of these. Their analysis leads to make certain
forecasts and the liminations are determined within which
proposed course of action is to be undertaken.
1. Determining Alternative Course of Action. An action can
be performed in several ways. However, a particular way is
the most suitable for the organisation keeping its
limitations in view. The management should try to find out
these alternatives. The various available alternatives
should be examined in the light of planning premises which
reduce the number of alternatives which can be evaluated
for selection.
5. Evaluating Alternative Courses. The various alternatives
are evaluated in the light of objectives and premises. This
process presents a difficult problem, because a particular
alternative may be best from one point of view but not from
other points. A number of methods in Operations Research
have been developed to evaluate the various alternatives,
which will be discussed later on in this part.
6. Selecting the Best Course. After evaluating the various
alternatives, the most fit alternative is selected.
Sometimes, the evaluation shows that more than one
alternative is equally good. In such a case, a manager
chooses several rather than one and combines them in action.
7. Formulating Derivating Plans: In the organization,
various activites contribute to organizational objectives.
After formulating the basic plan, various plans are derived
for department, units, activities. In fact, there are
invariable-derivative plants to be constructed to support
the basic plan.
8. Establishing the Sequence of Activities. After
formulating basic and derivative plans, the sequence of
various activities is determined. This helps in executing
the plans and provides continuity in the operation.
Making Planning Effective
Following factors are important for making planning
effective.
1. Establishing a Climate for Planning. this can be done by
setting clear goals, establishing and publishing applicable
significant planning premises, involving all managers in
planning process, reviewing subordinate plans and their
performance, and assuring appropriate staff assistance and
information at all levels of management.
2. Inititative at Top Level. Planning to be effective must
have the initiative and support of top level management. It
is the top level which is responsible for success or
failure of any organizational process, and planning is no
exception.
3. Participation in Planning. Participation in planning
affecting managers areas of authority at any level through
their being informed, contibuting suggestions and being
consulted, leads to good planning, commitment, loyalty and
managerial effectiveness.
4. Communication of Planning elements. If these are
communicated clearly, adequately and timely, the managers
are motivated and initiated to take planning process which
may be necessary for them. When a manager understands the
various aspects of planning, he is in a better position to
foresee his future course of action and may develop a habit
of planning every course of future action.
5. Integration of Long-term and Short-term Plans. Managers
often focus their attention only on very short term plans,
even if they plan. A Short term plan contributes towards
the achievement of the long term plan. Thus, if a manager
is planning for very short period, he must take into
account his long term plans also. He must constantly watch
and review that his short term plans contribute to his long
term plans.
6. An Open Systems Approach. The problems of planning
should be dealt through open systems approach. Open systems
approach makes it necessary on the part of the managers
that they take into account the environmental variables,
such as, technological, social, cultural, legal, political
and economic.
So by taking above mentioned steps, various activities can
be planned in organization.
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