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Answer Posted / ranya
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
This is also known as Classic Life Cycle Model (or) Linear
Sequential Model (or) Waterfall Method. This model has the
following activities.
1. System/Information Engineering and Modeling
As software is always of a large system (or business), work
begins by establishing the requirements for all system
elements and then allocating some subset of these
requirements to software. This system view is essential
when the software must interface with other elements such
as hardware, people and other resources. System is the
basic and very critical requirement for the existence of
software in any entity. So if the system is not in place,
the system should be engineered and put in place. In some
cases, to extract the maximum output, the system should be
re-engineered and spruced up. Once the ideal system is
engineered or tuned, the development team studies the
software requirement for the system.
2. Software Requirement Analysis
This process is also known as feasibility study. In this
phase, the development team visits the customer and studies
their system. They investigate the need for possible
software automation in the given system. By the end of the
feasibility study, the team furnishes a document that holds
the different specific recommendations for the candidate
system. It also includes the personnel assignments, costs,
project schedule, target dates etc.... The requirement
gathering process is intensified and focussed specially on
software. To understand the nature of the program(s) to be
built, the system engineer or "Analyst" must understand the
information domain for the software, as well as required
function, behavior, performance and interfacing. The
essential purpose of this phase is to find the need and to
define the problem that needs to be solved .
3. System Analysis and Design
In this phase, the software development process, the
software's overall structure and its nuances are defined.
In terms of the client/server technology, the number of
tiers needed for the package architecture, the database
design, the data structure design etc... are all defined in
this phase. A software development model is thus created.
Analysis and Design are very crucial in the whole
development cycle. Any glitch in the design phase could be
very expensive to solve in the later stage of the software
development. Much care is taken during this phase. The
logical system of the product is developed in this phase.
4. Code Generation
The design must be translated into a machine-readable form.
The code generation step performs this task. If the design
is performed in a detailed manner, code generation can be
accomplished without much complication. Programming tools
like compilers, interpreters, debuggers etc... are used to
generate the code. Different high level programming
languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java are used for coding.
With respect to the type of application, the right
programming language is chosen.
5. Testing
Once the code is generated, the software program testing
begins. Different testing methodologies are available to
unravel the bugs that were committed during the previous
phases. Different testing tools and methodologies are
already available. Some companies build their own testing
tools that are tailor made for their own development
operations.
6. Maintenance
The software will definitely undergo change once it is
delivered to the customer. There can be many reasons for
this change to occur. Change could happen because of some
unexpected input values into the system. In addition, the
changes in the system could directly affect the software
operations. The software should be developed to accommodate
changes that could happen during the post implementation
period.
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