Answer Posted / hari prasad

Fluid entering a centrifugal pump is immediately directed
to the low pressure area at the center
or eye of the impeller. As the impeller and blading rotate,
they transfer momentum to incoming
fluid. A transfer of momentum to the moving fluid increases
the fluid’s velocity. As the fluid’s
velocity increases its kinetic energy increases. Fluid of
high kinetic energy is forced out of the
impeller area and enters the volute.
The volute is a region of continuously increasing cross-
sectional area designed to convert the
kinetic energy of the fluid into fluid pressure. The
mechanism of this energy conversion is the
same as that for subsonic flow through the diverging
section of a nozzle. The mathematical
analysis of flow through the volute is based on the general
energy equation, the continuity
equation, and the equation relating the internal properties
of a system. The key parameters
influencing the energy conversion are the expanding cross-
sectional area of the volute, the higher
system back pressure at the discharge of the volute, and
the incompressible, subsonic flow of the
fluid. As a result of the interdependence of these
parameters, the fluid flow in the volute, similar
to subsonic flow in a diverging nozzle, experiences a
velocity decrease and a pressure increase.

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