Question { 950 }

How would you find the size of a file or directory?

Answer

The du command, standing for "disk usage", can be employed to ascertain the size of files and directories. du -sh filename would display the size of a file, while du -sh directory_name reveals the total size of a directory. The -s provides a summary and -h displays sizes in a human-readable format (like KB, MB). It's an invaluable command for monitoring space utilisation and managing storage effectively.

Question { 1133 }

How can you create a symbolic link to a file or directory?

Answer

Symbolic links (often called symlinks or soft links) can be crafted using the ln command with the -s option. The general form is ln -s target source_link. This creates a symbolic link named source_link that points to the target. Unlike hard links, symbolic links can reference directories or files across different file systems. They are especially useful for creating shortcuts or ensuring multiple paths to a single resource.

Question { 1152 }

How are UNIX file permissions represented?

Answer

UNIX file permissions are typically represented using a combination of characters: r (read), w (write), and x (execute). These permissions are set for three different categories: the file's owner (user), the file's group (group), and others (other). A typical permission set might look like rw-r--r--, where the owner has read and write permissions, while the group and others have only read permissions. This symbolic notation can also be represented numerically, with read as 4, write as 2, and execute as 1, making the previous example 644.

Question { 1344 }

How do you change file permissions?

Answer

The chmod command, short for "change mode", is employed to modify file or directory permissions. You can use symbolic or numerical notation with this command. For instance, chmod u+x filename adds execute permission for the user (owner), while chmod 755 filename sets permissions to rwxr-xr-x. The command offers flexibility, allowing users to control access to their files and directories precisely.

Question { 1313 }

How can you change the owner or group of a file?

Answer

The chown command is used to change the owner of a file or directory. For instance, chown newowner filename would change the file's owner to "newowner". If you want to change both the owner and the group simultaneously, you will use a syntax like chown newowner:newgroup filename. For altering only the group, the chgrp command is used. As with most UNIX commands, care should be taken with these tools, ensuring that ownership is only granted to trusted users.

Question { 1448 }

What are the components of physical database structure in the Oracle database?

Answer

The components of the physical database structure are:
• Greater than equal to two redo log files.
• Greater than equal to one control file.
• Greater than equal to one data file.