Answer Posted / Ranjna Rani

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) can interact with various eukaryotic cell lines, including HeLa (HEp-2) and human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. These interactions are crucial for studying GAS pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions:

1. HEp-2 cells: GAS can adhere to and invade HEp-2 cells, inducing cytopathic effects such as rounding up, detachment, and eventual cell death (cytolysis). These interactions are mediated by virulence factors like M protein, fibronectin-binding protein A (Fba), hyaluronidase, and streptokinase.
2. A549 cells: GAS can also interact with A549 cells, which are derived from human lung tissue. These interactions are important for studying the lung tropism of GAS, as well as the pathogenesis of respiratory infections. GAS can adhere to and invade A549 cells, leading to inflammation and cell death.

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