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Answer Posted / patelsheleph
An isolation transformer does not have a direct electrical
path from the power input side to the power output side. The
term is also used to define how much electrical isolation
exists between the input and output windings. For example
when using line-voltage input transformers to power low
volatge device handled by humans, a high degree of isolation
is required for safety.
Isolated transformers often use separate bobbins for the
primary and secondary coil windings, but usually the
windings are just wound on top of each other with insulation
in between.
Non-Isolated transformers are becoming rare. A common
example is the "Variac" which is a non-isolated variable
transformer. Usually the term "auto-transformer" is used to
describe non-isolated transformers. They are rarely found in
consumer products.
Although any transformer with a separate primary and
secondary winding is an isolation transformer to some
extent, The term is usually used to denote a special-purpose
transformer built just for that use. It is tested and rated
to withstand a very high voltage difference, called the
withstand voltage, so that even if thousands of volts are
applied to the primary, it will not leak through to the
protected side. These transformers are used in the medical
industry, to protect patients hooked up to monitoring
instruments that are powered by utility mains, as well as
other uses.
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