its a class which can not be instantiated...the class must 
be inherited and the methods can be overridden.

It is a class which contains at least one abstract method 
(A method without any implementation). Other methods can 
have implementations. This class can not be instantiated. 
It can always become a base class for other classes.

We cannot create an object of object class. abstract Class 
must be inherited.

Protected variable will be accessed in inherited class, but 
instance variable of class cant access protected variable.

While friend variable will be accessed in inherited class 
as well as instance variable of class across the project.

Where we need both functionality we are using protected 
friend scope.

friend------access is limited to the current assembly
(application)
protected friend----access is limited to the current 
assembly and types derived from the containing class..

Protected --> Accessible ONLY by 1.Derived classes 2.Within 
the same class

Friend --> Accessible ONLY by 1.Derived classes 2.Classes 
in the same assembly 3.Within the same class

Protected Friend --> Accessible ONLY by 1.Derived classes 
2.Classes in the same assembly 3.Within the same class


This is a very strange prob for which I've been looking for 
an answer for a long time. As you can see above Friend and 
Protected Friend are exactly same simply because 'Friend' 
encompasses the accessibilities of both Protected and 
Protected Friend. The question here is  why did Microsoft 
publish a 'Protected Friend' keyword when it is EXACTLY 
same as Friend.

Friends can be accessed by all classes within assembely but 
not from outside the assembely.

Protected variables can be used within the class as well as 
the classes that inherites this class.

The Protected Friend can be accessed by Members of the 
Assembely (Friend) or the inheriting Assembely class 
(Protected).

So Friend is not same as Protected Friend

I guess the difference is this:
Friend can be accessed by
1. Code within the class
2. Code in derived classes within the same assembly
3. Other code in the same assembly

Protected can be accessed by
1. Code within the class
2. Code in derived classes within the same assemblies
3. Code in derived classes in other assemblies

Protected Friend can be accessed by
1. Code within the class
2. Code in derived classes within the same assembly
3. Other code in the same assembly
4. Code in derived classes in other assemblies

system.reflection

System.Data.Common

system.process.diagnostics

It's Simply Syste.diagnostics

Not syste,process.diagnostics

Comman for all provider as Oledb, Sql
Imports System.Data.Object
-> object is provider(Database)

maintain the all structure of sql database
Imports System.Data.SqlClient

I think it is...
System.Diagnostics.Process

CLR is the common language runtime. which is the feature 
makes the .net applications to run plantform independent 
langauge interoperability. 

CTS Common type system is the  part of the CLR which enable 
the Common Datatype system to All the .net languages.
it also defines conventions to convert objects from one 
langauge to another

CLR (comman anguage runtime) is the heart of the .net 
framework. every runtime has responsibility to take care of 
code at the time of execution.for ex vb  has MSCRT60 AND 
java has JVM and In .net CLR.
WHILE CTS ( comman type system) is subset of CLR .it 
provide smooth comunication between two language.for exp in 
vb .net has integer and c# has int ,CTS change both into 
system.int32. 
By Anamika Srivstava

CLR means Common Language Runtime.It is  Major component of 
the .NET frameworkIt provides no of benefits to the 
developers such as Exception handling,Security,Debugging 
and Versioning...

Common Language Runtime is Runtime engine which converts 
Microsoft Intermediate Language in machine understandable 
code, it is similar to JVM in Java

CLR is an execution engine for .net.It is used to convert 
the highlevel language code into MSIL(Microsoft 
Intermediate Language).So this MSIL again converted into 
m/c language by JIT compiler(Just In Time).

The CLR is the main coponent for .Net framework.So the .Net 
framework supports 44 languages.

kamal...

Full of CLR is Common Language Runtimeand its forms the 
heart of thye .NET Framework. All language have rumtime and 
its the responsibility of the runtime to take care of the 
code execution of the program.

CLR actually take care ofentire execution, memory managment 
of .net applicatin.COde that u developed with alanguage 
compiler that targets runtimeis called as managed code; it 
benifits from from feature such as cross language 
integartion, cross-language exception handlaing, enhance 
securityversion & deployment support 
This runtime is allocated by visual studio.NET IDE is 
called as runtime host.
it's benifitsw are 

1.it improve Performance
2.ability to easily use compopnant developed in other 
languages
3.Cross language integration,espacially cross-language 
inheritance
4.Garbage collection
5.slf describing obj which makes using IDL unnecessary
6.The ability compile once & run on any CPU & operating 
system that support the runtime

its a comman Language Runtime

CLR is Comman Language Runtime engine is used to excute the
compiled code.

CLR is the execution engine of .net. whenever an execution 
command is given the cls progra activates a 'jit' compiler 
which inturn interprets the program according to the 
operating system standards and then execution takes place

Common Language Runtime (CLR) 

working of CLR:-

When the .NET program is compiled, the output of the 
compiler is not an executable file but a file that contains 
a special type of code called  the Microsoft Intermediate 
Language (MSIL), which is a low-level set of instructions 
understood by the common language run time. This MSIL 
defines a set of portable instructions that are independent 
of any specific CPU. It's the job of the CLR to translate 
this Intermediate code into a executable code when the 
program is executed making the program to run in any 
environment for which the CLR is implemented. And that's 
how the .NET Framework achieves Portability. This MSIL is 
turned into executable code using a JIT (Just In Time) 
complier. The process goes like this, when .NET programs 
are executed, the CLR activates the JIT complier. The JIT 
complier converts MSIL into native code on a demand basis 
as each part of the program is needed. Thus the program 
executes as a native code even though it is compiled into 
MSIL making the program to run as fast as it would if it is 
compiled to native code but achieves the portability 
benefits of MSIL.

CLR is the execution engine of .net. whenever an execution 
command is given the cls progra activates a 'jit' compiler 
which inturn interprets the program according to the 
operating system standards and then execution takes place

CLR means Common Language Runtime it is the heart of .net
framework in simply we can defined as clr manages the
execution of the program.

System

Imports system

system.object

System is root namespace for all types

in vb.net
imports System.data.sqlclient
in c#
using System.data.sqlcient

System.Object is the root namespace for all types.

here the GC calls an object's FINALIZE metod immediately 
befoer it collects an object that is no longer reffered by 
the application
GC doesnt actually run finalize metod  when the GC finds a 
FINALIZE method it queues the obj up for the finalizer to 
execute the objects metod

GC checks for those resources which are no longer used by 
the process. To release the memory from these resources and 
in order to regain the memory heap GC initiates destructors 
to destroy such instances of the program. Before the 
destructor void an instance variable finalize routine gets 
executed. This routine performs whatever is to be done 
before the object return to void state or prior to release 
of any unused resources.

-> Both can have constructors, methods, properties , fields,
constants , enumerations, events and event handlers.

-> Structure and class can implement inteface.

-> Both of them can have constructor without parameter and
with parameter.

-> Both can have delegates and events.

class is a collection of methods functions and properties 
enumerators and fields.

structure can be defined as a tool for handling a group of 
logically related data item.

the main difference is class is a referance type.
structure is a reference value type.

 Question  What are the similarities between class and 
structure?
 Rank  Answer Posted By   
 Question Submitted By :: Chhatrala 
This Interview Question Asked @   Ksb  
I also faced this Question!!    ? ALL Interview .com  
Answer  -> Both can have constructors, methods, 
properties , fields,
constants , enumerations, events and event handlers.

-> Structure and class can implement inteface.

-> Both of them can have constructor with parameter.

-> Both can have delegates and events.
 

yes

Both are same except the followings
class is ref type and structure is val type 
class objects get stored on heap and structure objects get
stored on stack... 
and structure should only have parameter less constructors

No. events do not have return type.

Event do not have any return type.

events do not have return types.

Events do not have return types.

Event don't have return type

yes event has a return tyuupe.contact me.

Yes Event do have return Type.It actually depends on the 
Delegate Type of the Event.Most generally we 
use 'EventHandler' as  Delegate Type that does not have a 
return Type.When you define your own Delegate you can have 
a return type and then declare an Event with this Delegate 
Type.While compiling the c# compiler will look for the 
return Type in the objects that have subscribed to this 
Event.

It is a collection of classes and services.It exists as a 
layer between.NET applications and underlying operating 
sytem.
 ie it encapsulates the basic functionality that was 
eaerlier built into programming languages such as debugging 
and security services.

.Net framework is a runtime environment that makes it much 
easier to write good,robust code quickly and to 
manage ,deploy and revise the code

the .Net framework actually wraps the O.S insulating 
software development with .Net
for most of the O.S  specifics such as file handling and 
memory allocation

The .net frame work contain the utilities and tools.
The .net frame work has two main components.
1>common language run time and
2>.net frame work class library
common language runtime
------------------------
runtime agent the manages code at executin time,providing 
core services such as memory management and 
threadmanagemant remorting security and robustness.

class library
-------------
class library is acomprehensive,objectoriented collection 
of reusable types that you can use to develop applications 
ranging from traditional command line or graphical 
userinterface(GUI).APPLICATION TO APPLICATION based on 
latest innovations provided by asp.net,such as web forms 
and xml webservices.

.NET frame work is collection of services and objetoriented 
software progamming

According to MicroSoft The .Net Frame Word is a Platform 
for Building ,Deploying and Running Web Services and 
Applications.It provides a highly productive,Standards-
Based ,MultiLanguge Enviroment
It consists of three Main parts :
1.Common Language Runtime(CLR)
2.A Hierarehical Set of Unified Class Libraries.
3.A Componentized version of Active Server Pages Called 
Asp.Net

Microsoft provides a New API(Application Programming 
Interface),which gives us to develop the multiple languages 
in the single platform.

Because of this platform have CLR,CTS,Class libraries and 
web services.

Kamal..

.net framework is a collection of services & classes.it 
exists as a layer b/w .net applications 7 the underlying 
operating system.
.net framework consists of web forms,window forms & console 
applications that pertain to the presentation layer of the 
aaplication.
.net framework consists of two other components,the .net 
framework base classes & common language runtime(CLR).

.Net Framework is a s/w environment which sits on operating 
system that has lot of precoded components like 
CLR,BCL,ADO.NET,XML,WEBSERVICES that allows us to 
design,develop,deploy a variety of applications including 
web and windows based applications.

It is a special s/w Which will mask the functionality of
os and makes the program to run under its control

.Net Framework is a collection of base classes / 
libraries , specifications and Runtime that are required to 
run and debug any appliaction developed using similar 
version of MSVisualStudio and moreover this .Net framework 
acts as an intermediate layer between the MSVisualstudio 
Appliaction and the underlaying OS Thus Achieving the 
platform independence of VisualStudio Appliactions.

as the oop's concept is very much developed in VB.Net so we 
can write prg or convert prg in VB to VB.Net

Just Open The Vb Project in Visual Studio.Net(File---> Open)

You need to question Why this conversion is doing ? If you 
just open the project in VB.NET u need to work around some 
time to make to runnable . Also If you dont want .NET 
advantage like performance ,Easy Maintainence,Re 
Usability .etc...Then WHY it is converting ..Just RUN The 
VB Applciation!!

VB6--Learning Edition,Professional and Enterprise Edition is
totally different to each-other.VB.Net is not similar like Vb6.

it is a set of standard resource that any .Net programee 
can take advatage of writeen in any language regardless of 
the programming language it is using. it is the environment 
under which .Net programme runs.

the resources are: 1. OOPS , 2. Security Model , 3. Type 
System , 4. All .Net Base Classes , 5. All .Net FrameWork 
Classes , 5. Execution & Code Management , 6. IL to Native 
Language Translator and otimizers.

its the heart of .NET framework its the engine that runs or 
drives the functionality

CLR means commaon language runtime for the dot net frame 
work.
it is the frame work layer that resides above the operating 
system and handels/ manages the execution of the .net 
applications.our .net programs don't directly communicate 
with the operating system but through CLR.


OUT .NET APPLICATION--->>CLR--->WINDOWS OS

CLR Means Common Language Runtime.Thats Only i know.

Clr in .net will peovide many functionalities like
Language interoperabality
Garbage collection
security and many more functionalities.

common language runtime is responsible memory 
management,starting up threads and process and ending them 
and looking after security at runtime and it unifies 
various frameworks as one need not require to know about 
diffrent languages framework.as CLS(common language 
specification) takes care of converting the code to MSIL
(microsoft intermediate language )later which is converted 
machine code by JIT(just in time compiler)

It is the virtual machine component of .net.
At compile time,a .net compiler converts source code into 
CIL code.
At runtime, the CLR's just in time  compiler converts the 
CIL code into code native compilation

All Languages have runtime and its the responsibility of the
runtime to take care of the code execution of the
program..NET has CLR.
CLR is responsible for GC,CAS,Code Verification,IL