Buffering is the process of temporarily storing the data to
allow for small variation in device speeds.

INBAND

Piconet was a USB-style expansion port on RM Nimbus computers.

DNS: Domain naming sever, This is a technique which 
converts any website name to an IP address, 
for egs, when u type, google.com on the adddress bar of 
your browser, the DNS converts this website to a physical 
ip address (x.x.x.x) and connects you to that website.

ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol
It is chiefly used by networked computers' operating systems
to send error messages—indicating, for instance, that a
requested service is not available or that a host or router
could not be reached.
ARP - Address resolution protocol
The Address Resolution Protocol is the standard method for
finding a host's hardware address when only its network
layer address is known.
Multicast -Multicast is the delivery of information to a
group of destinations simultaneously using the most
efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of
the network only once, creating copies only when the links
to the destinations split.
Broadcast -Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or
video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The
audience may be the general public or a relatively large
sub-audience, such as children or young adults.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is an application
protocol for querying and modifying directory services
running over TCP/IP.