using the structures and the pointers
n structures the memory will be allocated for each object at 
different locations struct x1 { ... };

4

it can have any number of header files. but it ha smore 
than 8 header files.

there are manynumber hedder files because each hedder file
is used for different purpose.
for example if we are using pointers we will include
different hedder files with the standard hedder files as
#include<stdio.h>

I would like to quote two things from the same area.

1. Read/Write chunks from/into a file instead of byte by 
byte reading.

2. Aquire resources late and relieve it early. Example, if 
you want to use a file, open the file as late as possible 
and release it as early as possible after use.

Don't include unnecessary header files.
Don't link with unneccesary object files.

By pressing F8 key then there's a window appears and there 
we have to write all the variables that we had used so far 
in the programme and press enter then the initial values of 
those variables taken as garbage if the variable not 
assigned any value or the assigned value will be displayed 
at bottom of the code seperated by a line.
     By pressing F8 Key continuesly debugging will be 
happened and somme times output screen also will appear and 
the values of variables also changed according to the logic.
This is the debugging process in c++ as well as c also.

b/c preeincrement take one byte instruction & post 
increment takes two instruction

the pre inc operator increments the value of that particular
variable on that line itself

the post inc operator increments the value of that
particular variable  after going on the next line

in simple words

eg.

e=5;    on this line value of e=5

e++;     on this line value of e=5

++e;     on this line value of e=7

Pre increment operator is use the concept of value by 
reference that means it increment the actual object.

While post increment use call by value concept that is it 
create the local object, operate on that, then it will 
increment actual object, so takes time to create local 
object

Memory alignment is the restriction imposed on memory 
allocation in such a way that values associated with 
multibyte get assigned only at certain places of memory. 
Such Memory alignment though generally not very common 
issue in OOPS terminology as the compiler takes care of 
allocation of bytes at proper locations.

Hi All,

U can write many programs which will compile in C and not 
in C++.  Sample program.

const i;   /* this is possible in C but not in C++ */
const int i;  // it should be done like this in C++.


Thanks & Regards
Sathish Kumar

We can do many programs which will run in C but not in C++
like if we declare

int class=8   /*It will run in C but not in c++ */

There are some features in C that are truncated in C++. To 
quote a few,

1. const int pi; // allowed in C.
   const int pi = 3.14; // equivalent in C++.

2. char name[10];
   for(int index = 0; index < 50; ++index)
   {
      scanf("%s", &name[index]); // sorry, I am weak in C.
   }

   This is allowed in C. That is, the array range checking 
is not done in C. In C++, it will throw an out of range 
error.

3. void function()
   {
     ....
   }

   int main()
   {
     function(299);
     return 0;
   }
  
   This is allowed in C but not in C++.

Well, ISO C++ doesn't provide the mechanisms to control 
over operating system devices like thread. We need to use 
the support provided by the operating system SDKs or any 
third party libraries. For example, Win32's CreateThread() 
API would help.

It depends most of for what kind of system we will use to 
run application.
Linux - standard POSIX pthread library coud be used (it is 
C thrading implementation),
Windows - Win32 API,
or we can use boost threading library wich provides sets of 
objects for thread creation and synchronization.

Atleast there should be 4 lines.it must consists of main 
with the parenthesis and atleast a statement in it.

In symbian , we have a tool called profiler which provide 
different type of information about the application(s) like 
which thread is taking how much CPU time, memory usage, 
life time of an object, resource utilization etc..,

Using of Profiler to get above info is called profiling.

To use this we have to add the profiler .lib and related 
functionality code to our program.

It is used to print the statement within the codes of 
printf statement.

Printf is a Variadic function. Variadic functions are 
functions which may take a variable number of arguments and 
are declared with an ellipsis in place of the last 
parameter. 
int printf(char *, ...); 
Uses Var_args to know the variables in the ...
In C these are defined in stdarg.h
Refer to this link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stdarg.h

Printf is a std lib func. It prints everything in the
Inverted commas until a format specifier or a escape
sequence is encountered.

Multiplae inheritance is used when we want to reuse the 
code from 2 ro 3 classes.

when do you like inherit from more than two class 
it is called multiple inheritance

When i want wrap the properties of more than one class into
a single entity(class) ,then i want to use MI,but strongly
recommend to avoid MI, if this scenario occur then you
design having some problem, and it cast a lots of issue and
overhead.

Multiple inheritance means the derived class inherits from
two or more base classes.

map class  support an associative  container  in which
unique  keys are mapped .with values. in essence  ,a key  is
 simply name  that you  give to a value .once  value you can
retrive   it by using  has  been stored. 

the most     general sense,   a map is  a list  of   key /
value  pairs .