Deadlock:

Two processes are said to be in deadlock situation if 
process A holding onto resources required for process B and 
where as B holding onto the resources required for process 
A.

Starvation:

This is mostly happens in time sharing systems in which the 
process which requires less time slot is waiting for the 
large process to finish and to release the resources, but 
the large process holding the resources for long time 
(almost for forever) and the process that requires small 
time slot goes on waiting. Such situation is starvation for 
small process

WHAT IS A STARVATION INTRODUCTION (OPERATING SYSTEM)

The kenel is a control core of UNIX. It is the part of 
operating system that interacts directly with the hardware 
of the computer system , throuth device driver that are 
built into the kernel.
The kernel remains in the machine memory untill you shut 
down the computer .Programs can communicate with hardware 
only by using kernel as interface .

main fuction of kernel are :
1. to manage computer memory
2. to control access to computer 
3. to maintain the file system 
4. to handle interrupts
5. to perform input-output services

In computing, an inode is a data structure on a traditional
Unix-style file system such as UFS. An inode stores basic
information about a regular file, directory, or other file
system object.

http://www.computerhope.com/boot.htm

this is good for above question

segmention --> rectifies internal fragmentation
paging scheme--> rectifies external fragmentation
combine the both schemes and eliminates both problems in
managing the memory

paged segmentation

divide program's logical addressspace into one or more segments
maintain a pagetable for each segment
each segment pointer points to page table

segment paging is opposite to above explanation

For Better understanding use this link
http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/www/courses/456/spring99/lecture/lecture7.html

Thrashing is caused by under allocation of the minimum 
number of pages required by a process, forcing it to 
continuously page fault. The system can detect thrashing by 
evaluating the level of CPU utilization as compared to the 
level of multiprogramming. It can be eliminated by reducing 
the level of multiprogramming.

Thrashing is a high paging activity.A process is thrashing
if it is spending more time with paging rather than execution.
Caused by:-
* global replacement algorithm.
* under allocation of the minimum 
  number of pages required by a process.
* very high degree of multiprogramming.
Eliminated by:-
*reducing level or degree of multiprogramming.
*use local replacement algorithm.
*while allocating check minimum sufficient frame required
for   a process.

It is simple method of implementing virtual memory
page is loaded into physical memory from disk when it is needed

for better understanding Use this link

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_paging

Software Development Lifecycle consists of various phases,

1)Requirement Analysis
2)Design
3)Coding
4)Testing
5)Maintainance

1.Feasible study
2.Requirement analysis
3.Design
4.Coding and Unit testing
5.Implementation and System testing
6.Maintainance

Multiprogramming is the technique of running several 
programs at a time using timesharing. It allows a computer 
to do several things at the same time. Multiprogramming 
creates logical parallelism. The concept of 
multiprogramming is that the operating system keeps several 
jobs in memory simultaneously. The operating system selects 
a job from the job pool and starts executing a job, when 
that job needs to wait for any i/o operations the CPU is 
switched to another job. So the main idea here is that the 
CPU is never idle. 

Multi tasking: 
Multitasking is the logical extension of 
multiprogramming .The concept of multitasking is quite 
similar to multiprogramming but difference is that the 
switching between jobs occurs so frequently that the users 
can interact with each program while it is running. This 
concept is also known as time-sharing systems. A time-
shared operating system uses CPU scheduling and 
multiprogramming to provide each user with a small portion 
of time-shared system. 

Multi threading: 
An application typically is implemented as a separate 
process with several threads of control. In some situations 
a single application may be required to perform several 
similar tasks for example a web server accepts client 
requests for web pages, images, sound, and so forth. A busy 
web server may have several of clients concurrently 
accessing it. If the web server ran as a traditional single-
threaded process, it would be able to service only one 
client at a time. The amount of time that a client might 
have to wait for its request to be serviced could be 
enormous. So it is efficient to have one process that 
contains multiple threads to serve the same purpose. This 
approach would multithread the web-server process, the 
server would create a separate thread that would listen for 
client requests when a request was made rather than 
creating another process it would create another thread to 
service the request. To get the advantages like 
responsiveness, Resource sharing economy and utilization of 
multiprocessor architectures multithreading concept can be 
used.

Multiprogramming is the technique of running several 
programs at a time using timesharing. It allows a computer 
to do several things at the same time. Multiprogramming 
creates logical parallelism. The concept of 
multiprogramming is that the operating system keeps several 
jobs in memory simultaneously.

Multitasking may refer to any of the following:

Computer multitasking - the apparent simultaneous 
performance of two or more tasks by a computer's central 
processing unit 
Media multitasking could involve using a computer, mp3, or 
any other media in conjunction with another 
Human multitasking - The ability of a person to perform 
more than one task at the same time

Primary storage can be referred as RAM
it is volatile memory and fast accessing memory
this is used for executing instructions
it stores the data as long as power is supplied

secondary storage which stores the data independent of power
supply
it is permenent storage 
example : hard disk , floppy disk,Compact disk