A Scheduler, or Scheduler Adapter, allows a service to be 
performed at a prescribed interval.

It is an adapter which fires the services(jcd/Bp/Database)
at an given interval of time.

But alternatively we can run script for Scheduling.

Just create a jcd using JMS otd. While creating JCD it will 
ask for webservice. select JMS web service and when ever 
any message comes to JMS it will automatically trigger that 
JCD and you can perform certain operations in that JCD

we can pass MessageSelector Name and messageSelector Value 
at the time of sending the message to JMS and the at the 
time of recieving we can set these key value pairs
(MessageSelectorName, MessageSelectorValue) in CMAP 
properties which are
connected to different JCDs.

Java Collaboration Definition.
It is actual a Process which performs certain activities up 
on certain events. 
You have editor to map different parameters in JCD. You can 
even code in java in source form.

The Collaboration is at the heart of the eGate data flow
It executes a Collaboration Definition that uses Java code 
to 
1) connect to data source(s)
2) parse, examine and manipulate incoming messages
form outbound messages
3) publish outbound message(s) to data destination(s)
4) execute other business logic

1. Webservice
2. JMS
3. File e-Way
4. Batch e-way
5. Http e-way
6. Oracle inbound and so on

there are so many ways to trigger a process.

Deployment profiles define how specific instances of a 
Project are deployed to a particular Environment. A 
deployment profile contains information about the 
assignment of services and message destinations to 
integration and message servers. It also contains version 
information for all relevant objects in the Project.

Its simple part which msps each instance of project to their
respective enviroment profile(for example queue to message
server/jcd to Integration server etc...)

A Deployment Profile defines the relationship between a 
Project and an Environment.
Logical components (on a Connectivity Map) are mapped to 
physical resources

The Enterprise Designer is the graphical user interface 
(GUI) used to design and implement Sun Java Composite 
Application Platform Suite (Java CAPS) projects.

The Sun SeeBeyond Enterprise Manager is a Web-based 
interface that allows you to monitor and manage
your Sun Java Composite Application Platform Suite 
applications. The Enterprise Manager requires
an eWay specific “plug-in” for each of your installed 
eWays. 

These plug-ins enable the Enterprise Manager to target 
specific alert codes for each eWay type,
as well as to start and stop the inbound eWays.

The Sun Java Composite Application Platform Suite 
Installation Guide describes how to 
install the Sun SeeBeyond Enterprise Manager. The Sun 
SeeBeyond eGate™ Integrator System Administration Guide 
describes how to monitor servers, Services, logs, and 
alerts using the Sun SeeBeyond Enterprise Manager 
and the command-line client.

please type in english.

if u are a developer no need to answer this question because
as a developer we cannot have the chance to test.