Static variable is the one allocated statically, meaning 
that, it is allocated once in the program space and exists 
till the program space is deallocated (the close of the 
application).

Note:- Some people get confused between stack allocation 
and static allocaion. Both are different terms.

A static function is again the same concept with static 
variable allocation, but here the allocation is not just a 
variable but a function's 'activation frame'. The 
activation frame, for now, consider the function's 
information required by the compiler to execute the 
function which is stored internally.

when use hybride inhertance,virual function avoid the 
ambiguity.

I thnk virtual fns r declared with 'virtual' keyword 
nd it must be redifend in the derivd classes.
wen mor dan one classes derivs a methd in the base class,
dat method can be writn with virtual to avoid ambiguity.

Refer to this.

http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/virtual-functions.html#faq-20.4

virtual function supports run-time polymorphrism.  Ovarhead 
is run-time has to create 'virtual' table.

'Derived' class object can be stored in the 'base' class 
pointer.  Using 'base' class pointer, client can call base 
class method but not in the derived class method; if client 
wants to call the derived class method then based method 
should declare as virtual.

We use Virtual function as Dyanamic Polymorphism.
i.e run time we can passed referencr of derived class into 
base class pointer and call the derived class method.Thi 
sis its benefit.

But Virtual destructor is also needed when we use virtual 
constructor other wise it will cause memory leaks.

An abstract class is the class that define the interface 
without the necessity to implement all the member 
functions. 

The derived class (from base abstract class) that implement 
all the missing functions

An abstract class is a class which contains atleast one 
abstract method(i.e., an abstract method is one which has 
only definition not implementation,which is done in some 
other class.
We cannot create an object for Abstract class.
A class is said to be a concrete class if and only if it 
contains fully defined methods.Defined methods are also 
known has "concrete methods " or "Implemented methods".
We can instantiate an object for concrete class.

First of all, we should understand what is the meaning 
of 'abstract' in terms of software. It's the same meaning 
as in English, that is, the entities (objects) which do not 
exist in the real world are abstract entities. For example, 
Dog, Cat, Bear, Deer are all animals that exist but animal 
is also an entity which is just a concept and there is no 
existance.

So we can define an abstract class for 'Animal'. We can 
derive any number of real world animal classes from the 
abstract class 'Animal' like Tiger, Lion, Donkey, etc.

Obviously, we can understand now why we cannot create 
objects for abstract classes. The answer is we must not, 
right?
Because the Animal class has no existance in real world. So 
we cannot create a real world entity (nothing but an 
object). That is the very reason this concept is followed.
The derived classes that we've seen above are concrete 
classes since they are real world objects and have definite 
properties and operations on them.

function overloading is the process of defining the same 
function name with different arguments,number of 
arguments ,or ordinal positions of arguments.

function overriding is the process of defining the Base 
class function in the derived class with different code 
implementation.

Function overloading is providing more than one function 
with the same name which will operate on different 
type/number of input data. Most probably, the kind of 
operation will not be changed.

Function overriding is nothing but giving different 
operations with the same function name and with same type 
of input data (that is, the signature is not being changed) 
depending upon the context (the context here means that the 
class that holds the function of a hierarchy of classes)

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>

class population
{
  int b,d,p,n,c;
  public:
        void read()
        {
          c=1;  
          do
          {
            if(c>1) 
            {
              cout<<"\n\nYou are entered wrong input";
              cout<<"\nPress Enter And Re-Enter The Input";
              getch(); 
              c++;
            }
            clrscr(); 
            cout<<"Enter The Birth and Death Rates:\n\t\t";
            cin>>b>>d;
            cout<<"\n\nEnter The current population:\n\t\t";
            cin>>p;
            cout<<"Enter How many Years Estimated:\n\t\t";
            cin>>n;
          }while(b<0&&d<0&&p<2); 
        }
        int growth_rate(int b,int d)
        {
           return(b-d);                    
        }
        int estimatedPopulation(int p,
                          int growthrate(b,d),
                          int n)
        {
           for(int i=1;i<=n;++i) p=p+growthrate(b,d);
           return p;
        }
        void execute()
        {
           read();
           cout<<"The Population after"<<n<<"years"
               <<estimatedPopulation(p,growthrate(b,d),n);
        }
};

void main()
{
   clrscr();
   population pop;
   pop.execute();
   getch();
}

Object oriented programming is a programming paradigm which 
uses objects and its interactions to design applications 
and computer programs.

An Object-Oriented Program consists of a group of 
cooperating objects, exchanging messages, for the purpose 
of achieving a common objective

An Obiect Oriented Programming is a programming which 
consist's mainly of object's(because objects are real world 
entities any thing in the world can be shown in the form of 
an object)

OOP is a programming technique for developing software 
solutions wherein real world is represented in terms of 
objects.

OOP is a programming technique in which focuses on objects 
to get the real world applications.

oop is the feature that allows a mode of modularizing 
programs by forming separate memory area for data as well 
as functions that is used as object for making copies of 
modules as per requirement.

oops is real world entity,in which data and function are 
hidden from outside the world only object of the class can 
access the dat and function of class

Object-oriented programming as an approach that provides a
way of modularizing programs by creating partitioned memory
area for both data and functions that can be used as
templates for creating copies of such modules on demand.

It is an structutured approach where all program segmented 
into classes and objects to minimise the mesmerizing the 
data and code.

it is a programming paradiam which is used a object

It is an approach that provide a way of modularizing
programs by creating partitioned memory area for both data
and function that can be used as templates for creating
copies of such modules on demand

OOPs  is the Programming language in which we intrect with 
the object world.And we define our logic inside a class and 
take it by object.

OOPS is the language use to write a real world software
which binds the data and associated funtions together.

We deal with an object.

for the user simplicity .with knowing the internal
details we can use the pakages.in the oops interfaces are
created .with knowing the internal procedure we can use the
interface.
         in the large projects in the organization .the team
lader gives the interfaces to the project members they can
impliment that interfaces packages .

ex:-all packages in  windows like summation in word pad.

          the machanism in stack is "first in last out".
the processes which comes first that will be exicuted last.

plz give me the correct answer

As I answered one of the questions here, the abstraction is 
nothing but declaration of a concept in software terms 
which does not exist in real-world.

For example, mango, drumstick, brinjal, potato  are all 
vegetables. But "Vegetable" is just a concept and it has no 
real-world existance.

To represent these kind of concept in software terms, we 
need abstration.

On the other hand, the mango, brinjal, ... are all have 
concrete implementations since they have certain properties 
and can do some operations on them in the real world.

I couldn't get the third question "abstraction for stack", 
but I try to answer with what I understood.

Normally, stack's operations include push, pop, top, size, 
empty e.t.c. If we define an interface with these, it ll be 
an abstraction for stack. Let me know if it doesn't answer 
your question.

Abstraction is nothing but binding the code and data 
together to protect the code and data from out side world.

Abstraction is nothing but the hierarchical clasification 
of complex system.  that is abstraction is a process to 
break the complex system in to small manageble parts.

It is use full in coding.

tell me

Data Structure is logical memory representation of 
storage.In electronic terms insted of gate complications 
storage is given in specific structure to store in Bit 
format.With the identififcation and type.

Data structure is an organisation of data in which data can 
be organised in many different ways 
                 ... logical
                 ... mathematical

Data structure is nothing but a way to organize and 
manipulate any given set of data in a specific and reusable 
format/structure hence simplifying the manipulation of data.

Some of the commonly and frequently used data structures 
are Stack, Queue, List, Set, e.t.c. But this list is not 
limited to what we see here, rather we can invent our own 
as long as there is a definite structure and better 
efficiency by using it than work with raw data.

data structure saving the memory space rather than the
normal program ..and to organise the memory space in the
computer ....

which is provides the mechanism of storing the data in 
different ways.  this optimizes searching and memory 
usage.   for example when searching is to be faster 
datastructure of type linear type is used.  if memory 
utilization is more importance then lists data structure 
used

Data sturcture is the logical representation and
organization of data in the main memroy.Which is used to
organize data in such a way that the insertion
,deletion,searhing i.e manipulation of data is done with
minimal complexity , and that gives a efficiet performance
of our computing.

Data structures play a central role in modern computer 
science. Data structure enables an efficient storage of 
data for an easy access. It enables to represent the 
inherent relationship of the data in the real world. It 
enables an efficient processing of data. It helps in data 
protection and management.

Logical representation and organization of data in the main
memory  in other words it is a logical memory representation
of a storage

Regarding use of programming languages, Niclaus Wirth wrote 
a book with title "Data Structure + Algorithm = Program". 
Therefore one can consider a programming language 
as "capabilities to describe data objects of some 
structures PLUS cabpabilities to define algorithms. Also, 
data structures are very important in the implementation of 
programming languages.

ya, i develop my fimalar frameworks Ajax,Jsf & Hibernate in
this company, as well as my friend suggested to join in this
orgnazation, if u get  a chance.

I looking for growth and improve knowledge.

Better prospects
 
Learing New technologies.

The "new" operator allocates a new instance of an object 
from the heap, utilising the most appropriate constructor 
for the arguments passed.

Like many operators in C++, the "new" operator for a 
particular class can be overriden, although there is rarely 
a need to do so.  "operator new" is the mechanism for 
overriding the default heap allocation logic.  Ask your 
interviewer to provide you with a concrete example of when 
he or she has been required to do this.

pls refer
http://objectmix.com/c/34028-difference-between-new-operator-new.html

4

four

2*2=2 x 2=4
thwe answer is four

20 bytes.
static is given memory in heap.
for 1st two data members c1 and c2 compiler will take 4
bytes cz of padding.

20 bytes is right, but static is in data segment portion od 
memory, not the heap.

Both answers are wrong.
First of all, static - class data do NOT contribute to the
class'/objects overall size.
Second, its totally wrong to assume that c1 and c2 will be
given both padding of 3 bytes (so they end up taking space
of 4). Why ?
Because (though Im not sure about every compiler, but 99% of
them will do something like the following) it is simply a
waste of space.
Here are the sizes of member variables of EXP :
class EXP
{
    char c1;      //1 byte
    char c2;      //1 byte + 2 bytes of padding! = 3 bytes
    int i1;       //4 bytes
    int i2;       //4 bytes
    char *ptr;    //4 bytes (compiler specific)
    static int mem;  // 0 bytes
};
this is why on most compilers
sizeof(EXP) is 16.

The answer is 16 (on most compilers), but not for the 
reasons stated above.

If the class contained only c1 and c2, the size would be 
2.  Since i1 is an integer, though, it needs to be aligned 
on a 4-byte multiple.  The pointer and the other integer 
also uses up 4 bytes.  So, the total size is 16.

If there were another character field "c3" adjacent to c2, 
the size would still be 16 bytes.