A voucher is a bond which is worth a certain monetary value 
and which may only be spent for specific reasons or on 
specific goods.

A Voucher is the priema facie documentary proof of the 
transaction occured.
For e.g. In case of cash payment it includes details like 
name of the receiver, Account Head debited for this 
particular expense, Date of transaction,  Narration, & 
amount paid, with due signature of Accounts incharge & the 
Cash receiver.

Voucher :It is an evidence of payment.

Voucher is document evidence of transation.

Contingent Liability is a liability which may or may not
occur, but it should be shown in the Notes to Accounts.
for example : if the government policy regarding taxation is
pending, the trader is not in a position to decide the exact
amount of tax. In this case the trader will decide the total
liability of tax after the decision is finalised.
another example : Guarantees extended are Contingent Liabilitys.

hi,
   There is no differnce between both of ....But u will 
have differnce between Gain and income....

profit is the term used when we get excess money while 
purchasing ans selling goods or material.

gains we get as brokerage, comssion etc,  getting for the 
services.

profit is the thing which is derived after meeting all the 
expenses of abusiness then it could be regarded as a profit
income is the gain which is derived when they receive 
certain income  that can be regarded as source of income
might be in the form of commission , brokerage if any 
corrections let me know

Debt Equity Ratio =  Debt/Equity
Debt= Long term borrowed funds
equity= share capital+ preference share capital + 
reserves&surplus - fictitious asset

the importance of this ratio is to judge the long solvency 
position of a company and capital structure.

LIABILITY SIDE

coz tb is nt the final picture which reflects the position 
of a firm.it is the b/s .

the closing balance is not come because in T.B opening 
stock balance A\C will shown on the debit side in T.B
& current year purchases will shown in dr side and credit 
side current sales will shown that way not shown in trial 
balance

The trial balance is the summery of the varrious accounts 
balances, while the Closing is not a balance but evaluate 
for getting actual position of the year, Hence the closing 
balance is not consider into trial balance . Whille for 
information we can give seperate line in bottom of the 
trial blalance.