P&L A/c is prepared for the Business Organization whose aim
is to earn profit by running business whereas Income &
Expenditure A/c is prepared for the non-Profit
Organization,Trusts etc.
the main diffarence between p/l a/c and income and
expenditure a/c is that p/l a/c prepare only for the
profitable concern like company and income expenditure a/c
prepare only for the non profit seeking concern like
charitable institution, club, hospital.
Through P/L a/c we get Net profit or net loss of a concern
but incase of I/E a/c we get net surplus or net deficit of
the organigation as we prepare P/L a/c for a profitable
organigation & I/E a/c for a nonprofitable organigation.
Profit And Loss Account(p/l acc)
Income And Expenditure Account(I/E acc)
1.Prepare by business undertakings(p/l acc)
Prepared by non-trading organizations(I/E acc)
2.Credit balance of this account is known as “Net profit” and added to opening capital(p/l acc)
Credit balance is known as “excess of income over expenditure or surplus” and added to opening capital fund(I/E acc)
3.Debit balance of this account is known as “ Net loss” and deducted from opening capital(p/l acc)
Debit balance is known as “excess of expenditure over income or deficit” and deducted from opening capital fund(I/E acc)
4.To check correctness of accounts, trial balance is prepared before preparing this Profit & Loss Account(p/l acc)
To check correctness of accounts, receipts and payment account is prepared before preparing this account(I/E acc)
profit n loss is prepared to acheive the objectives of
accoutancy.
While income n expenditure is prepared to ascertain the net
profit n loss, which is transferred to capital account at
the end of the financial year.
Income statement also called p & l statement. It is a
company's financial statement, the purpose of the income
atatement is to show during the period being report.
Any cash received from current yr is regarded only is
income.and any cash paid in all the purpose of comapny's
work may or may not be regarded as expenditure.
Consider the following data for a particular period:
Portfolio (P)
market (M)
----------------------------------------------------
-----
Average
return
35 % 28 %
Beta
1.2 1.0
Standard
deviation
4.2 % 30 %
Non-systematic
risk 18
% ----
Calculate the following performance measures for portfolio
(P) and the market (M) by using Sharpe, Jensen and Treynor
methods. The T-bill rate during the period was 6 % by
which measures did portfolio P outperform the market $
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