Describe the dynamics of culture as a multi-level, multi-
layer construct.



Describe the dynamics of culture as a multi-level, multi- layer construct. ..

Answer / anuj

The proposed model consists of two building blocks. One is
a multi-level approach, viewing culture as a multi-level
construct that consists of various levels nested within
each other from the most macro-level of a global culture,
through
national cultures, organizational cultures, group cultures,
and cultural values that are represented in the self at the
individual level, as portrayed. The second is based on
Schein’s (1992) model viewing culture as a multi-layer
construct consisting of the most external layer of observed
artifacts and behaviors, the deeper level of values, which
is testable by social consensus, and the deepest level of
basic assumption, which is invisible and taken for granted.
The present model proposes
that culture as a multi-layer construct exists at all
levels – from the global to the individual – and that at
each level change first occurs at the most external layer
of behavior, and then, when shared by individuals who
belong to the same cultural
context, it becomes a shared value that characterizes the
aggregated unit (group, organizations, or nations).
In the model, the most macro-level is that of a global
culture being created by global networks and global
institutions that cross national and cultural borders. As
exemplified by the effort of the Davos group discussed
earlier, global organizational structures need to adopt
common rules and procedures in order to have a
common ‘language’ for communicating across cultural borders
(Kostova, 1999; Kostova and Roth, 2003; Gupta and
Govindarajan, 2000). Given the dominance of Western MNCs,
the values that dominate the global context are often based
on a free market economy, democracy, acceptance and
tolerance of diversity, respect of freedom of choice,
individual rights, and openness to change (Gupta and
Govindarajan, 2000). Below the global level are nested
organizations and networks at the national level with their
local cultures varying from one nation,

Is This Answer Correct ?    21 Yes 2 No

Post New Answer

More Banking Finance Interview Questions

How can you operate a desktop from a remote location?

0 Answers   State Bank Of India SBI,


When will PAT be same as PBT?

5 Answers  


How Is The Capital Conservation Buffer Accounted For In The 2016 Srep?

0 Answers  


Mention how you can view the Books of Accounts in Tally ERP 9?

0 Answers  


What is the impact of Indian market as a whole if the sensex is positive since two months?

1 Answers   eClerx, Samruddha Jeevan, State Bank Of India SBI,






what is the periodicity for submission of QPR/QIS statements to the Bank by borrower?

1 Answers  


Suggest some ways to improve the economic growth?

0 Answers   RBI,


What is FCCB?

1 Answers  


Sean Alicandri, a sophisticated investor who is both willing and able to take risk, has just noticed that Mid- West Airlines has become the target of a hostile takeover. Prior to the announcement of the offer to purchase the stock for $72 a share, the stock had been selling for $59. Immediately after the offer, the offer the stock rose to $75, a premium over the offer price. Such premiums are often indicative that investors expect a higher price could occur if a bidding was erupts for the company or if management buyout of the firm. Of course, if neither of these scenarios occurs, the price of the stock could fall back to the $72 offer price. In addition, if the offer were to be withdrawn or defeated by management, the price of the stock could fall below the original stock price. Alicandri has no reason to anticipate that any of these possibilities will be the final outcome, but the realizes that the price of the stock will not remain at $75. If a bidding war erupts, the price could easily exceed$100. Conversely, if the takeover fails, he expects the price to decline below $55 a share, since he previously believed that the price of the stock was overvalued at $59. With such uncertainty, Alicandri does not want to own the stock but is intrigued with the possibility of earning a profit from a price movement that he is certain must occur. Currently there are several three months put and all options traded on the stock. Their strike and market prices are as follows: Strike Price Market Price of Call Market Price of Put $50 $26.00 $0.125 55 21.50 0.50 60 17.00 1.00 65 13.25 1.75 70 8.00 3.50 75 4.25 6.00 80 1.00 9.75 Alicandri decides the best strategy is to purchase both a put and a call option (to establish a straddle). Deciding on a strategy is one thing; determining the best way to execute it is quite another. For example, he could buy the options with the extreme strike price (i.e. the call at $80 and the put at $50). Or he could buy the options with the strike price closest to the original $72 offer price (i.e. buy the put and the call at $70). To help determine the potential profits and losses from various positions, Alicandri developed profit profiles at various stock prices by filling in the following chart for each position: Price of the stock Intrinsic Value of the Call Profit on the Call Intrinsic Value of the Put Profit on the Put Net Profit $50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 To limit the number of calculations, he decided to make three comparisons: (1) the purchase of two inexpensive options-buy the call with the $80 strike price and the put with the $60 strike price, (2) the purchase of the options with the $70 strike price, and (3) the purchase of the options with the price closest to the original stock price (i.e., the options with the $60 strike price). Construct Alicandri’s profit profiles and answer the following questions. 1) Which strategy works best if a bidding war erupts? 2) Which strategy works best if the hostile takeover is defeated? 3) Which strategy works best if the original offer price becomes the final price? 4) Which of the three positions produces the worst result and under what condition does it occur? 5) If you were Alipcandri’s financial advisor, which strategy would you advise he establish? Or would you argue that he not speculate on this takeover?

0 Answers   Investment Bank,


Im an MBA STUDENT.I need guidance to prepare for GENPACT COMPANY.can u pls post papers

0 Answers   Genpact,


Hi Friends, I was working for a bank firm for 1.3 years and i hve resigned in april 2010.The reason for leaving the job was that my cousin had promised me a job in Saudi unfortunately i did not get any job after being there now i am back in my home town looking out for a job here.My question is all companies will ask Why did u leave your previous job? Please do post your answers and help me out in getting a job since it has been already 6 months i am, without a job.

4 Answers  


Explain current ratio. What does it indicate?

0 Answers  


Categories
  • Business Administration Interview Questions Business Administration (517)
  • Marketing Sales Interview Questions Marketing Sales (1279)
  • Banking Finance Interview Questions Banking Finance (3208)
  • Human Resources Interview Questions Human Resources (745)
  • Personnel Management Interview Questions Personnel Management (68)
  • Hotel Management Interview Questions Hotel Management (29)
  • Industrial Management Interview Questions Industrial Management (113)
  • Infrastructure Management Interview Questions Infrastructure Management (14)
  • IT Management Interview Questions IT Management (97)
  • Supply Chain Management Interview Questions Supply Chain Management (16)
  • Operations Management Interview Questions Operations Management (39)
  • Funding Interview Questions Funding (79)
  • Insurance Interview Questions Insurance (494)
  • Waste Management Interview Questions Waste Management (1)
  • Labor Management Interview Questions Labor Management (48)
  • Non Technical Interview Questions Non Technical (73)
  • Business Management AllOther Interview Questions Business Management AllOther (546)