DIRECTIONS (Q1-10).EACH QUESTION HAS TO BE ANSWERED FROM
GIVEN PASSAGE.
READING COMPREHENSION (PASSAGE)
On 26th NOVEMBER, the airport police caught a youth Sravan
kumar tried to smuggle 98 dried bear gall ladders out of the
country. They looked like shriveled black mangoes, and no
one but the expert could say that the weird looking things
came from an animal. Even experts faltered in identifying
the species of the animal the gall bladders came from. This
was precisely the question turned up during the
investigations. Under the Indian wild-life protection act
1972, the Himalayan brown bear figures among these schedules.
Thus if the gall bladders came from the Himalayan brown bear
as the airport police suspected, the Sravan kumar should
have been prosecuted under the law. Actually drugs made from
gall bladders are used in Tibetan medicine as cure for
various ailments which includes joint aches, rheumatism,
cataracts, gall stones, cancer and even as aphrodisiacs.
Since these drugs are highly reputed (despite their being
actually useless), the intact gall bladders of bears sell in
the international markets at phenomenal rates. This has
caused poaching of bears and consequent fall of bear population.
Sravan kumar understood that he had been caught red-handed.
The best way to circumvent the law was to deny that these
where bear gall bladders. Consequently he asserted that the
gall bladders where taken from pigs and not from bears.
Since pig not in protected act- Sravan could go scot free.
He banked upon the fact that the gall bladders of large
mammals look alike and is extremely difficult to distinguish
one from another. In effect question belonged to pigs or to
bears. It was at this stage that the airport police asked
for my help.
Despite common belief forensic science doesn’t cater only on
solving murders, killings or assassinations. Forensic
science is the application of scientific knowledge to solve
any legal dispute. Since here the police did face a legal
dilemma, forensic science could come to their rescue.
During recent years the law enforcement agencies involved in
protecting wildlife are increasingly turning to forensic
science to bring culprits to the book. Protected animals are
killed because of false beliefs in curative powers of
medicines made from their body parts, or because of their
valuable fur’s or hides or just because for plain fun.
Poaching of elephants for ivory is a common problem. But
ivory comes from a number of sources ( as many as fifteen )
and often even the criminals find it convenient to assert
that ivory came from valid source. In US for instance
trading in ivory is illegal, trading in ivory of now extinct
mammoths and mastodons. There is synthetic ivory too which
is plastic like material. Whenever smugglers are caught with
ivory their standard answer is that ivory is from a mammoth
which is completely legal.
Forensic science once again comes to the rescue of wildlife
officers. It helps in differentiating ivory coming from
various sources. Mammoth ivory is usually darker than
elephant ivory, since it contains traces of iron which has
oxidized over time, but is not always the case. The best
way ivory from various sources can be distinguished is by
observing what are known as Schreger lines. Ivory is criss
– crossed by dentinal tubules, which can be seen under a
scanning electron micro – scope (SEM) as straight lines.
These tubules where first described by a German research
Schreger, after whom these lines are named. Thses schreger
lines form a unique pattern in each species. For instance
while in elephants, these lines always meet an angle greater
than 110 degrees., in mammoths they form a very convenient
for differentiating between the ivories of mammoth and
elephants.
Q1). What was the question that turned up during the
investigations that followed the confiscation of gall bladders?
a) Can experts easily distinguish between animal gall
bladders and shriveled mangoes.
b) Can experts easily distinguish between the gall bladders
of bear and that of pig’s
c) It is a matter of experience or of medical expertise that
enables doctors to identify the species of the animals to
whom the gall bladders belong.
d) Is the police force better than the doctors at
identifying the species of the animals to whom the gall
bladders belong to.
e) Is forensic science of any help in identifying the
species of the animals from whom the gall bladders have come
Q2). Why did Sravan kumar say that gall bladders have been
taken out of pigs?
i) Because pigs do not figure among the five schedules in
the Indian wild-life protection act of 1973.
ii) Because he wanted to avoid prosecution
iii) Because he did not consider it morally wrong to say so
iv) Because he had bribed an forensic scientist to support
his statements
a) I only
b) I & ii only
c) I, ii & iii only
d) I, ii, iii & iv only
Q3). Why are the gall bladders of bears smuggled?
i) Because they fetch lot of money
ii) Because they are apparently useless
iii) Because they are used for making drugs
a) I only
b) Ii only
c) I & ii only
d) I & iii only
e) Iii only
Q4). Which of the following statements is correct ?
a) The weired looking things are shriveled black mangoes
b) The ‘ursus arctos is abellinus’ is a protected species
c) The gall bladders of bears do not sell in the
international market
d) Sravan kumar was not a smuggler
e) Sravan kumar was able to go scot-free by convincing the
authorities that the gall bladders came from pigs
Q5). What did Sravan kumar base his hopes on?
a) The lack of expertise in the field of forensic science
b) The fact that the gall bladders had been taken from bears
and from pigs
c) The fact that the gall bladders of large mammals look alike
d) The fact that the intact gall bladders sell in the
international market
e) The fact that the forensic science is known to cater to
solving murders, killings or assasinations
Q6). Why did the airport police seek the author’s help?
a) Because he is a detcetive
b) Because he is a lawyer with extensive knowledge in the
field of wildlife protection
c) Bnecause he is an expert in the field of forensic science
d) Because he is a foreigner setlled in India
e) Because he is a great champion of wildlife protection in
India
Q7). What was the legal dilemna?
a) Whether ro prosecute Sravan kumar or to let him go scot-free
b) To detremine whther the gall bladders belonged to bears
or pigs
c) To decide whether bear is an endagered species
d) To decide whether pig is an endangered species
e) To determine whether forensic science aid should be
sought only to solve murders ot to solve any legal disputes
Q8). Who are the culprits who need to be punished ?
i) Poachers
ii) Those who kill animals for their organs
iii) Those who hunt protected animals for fun
a) I & II only
b) I only
c) I & III only
d) II only
e) I, II & III only
Q9). Why is it convenient for criminals to claim that ivory
has come from valid source?
a) Because mammoths and mastodons have become exticnt
b) Because ivory comes from as many as fifteen sources
c) Because it is possible for one to distinguish between one
kind of ivory to another
d) Because of elephants is prohibited in many countries
e) Because mammoths have tasks which are very similar to
synthetic ivory
Q10). What is the best way of distinguishing ivory coming
from various sources?
a) By testing whether the ivory contains traces of iron
b) Bvy scrutinizing it closely to see that it is darker than
elephant ivory
c) By over serving the pattern of tubules on the ivory
d) By feeling the texture to note the difference
e) By extracting the tissue and getting it examined by a
forensic sciebtist
Re: DIRECTIONS (Q1-10).EACH QUESTION HAS TO BE ANSWERED FROM
GIVEN PASSAGE.
READING COMPREHENSION (PASSAGE)
On 26th NOVEMBER, the airport police caught a youth Sravan
kumar tried to smuggle 98 dried bear gall ladders out of the
country. They looked like shriveled black mangoes, and no
one but the expert could say that the weird looking things
came from an animal. Even experts faltered in identifying
the species of the animal the gall bladders came from. This
was precisely the question turned up during the
investigations. Under the Indian wild-life protection act
1972, the Himalayan brown bear figures among these schedules.
Thus if the gall bladders came from the Himalayan brown bear
as the airport police suspected, the Sravan kumar should
have been prosecuted under the law. Actually drugs made from
gall bladders are used in Tibetan medicine as cure for
various ailments which includes joint aches, rheumatism,
cataracts, gall stones, cancer and even as aphrodisiacs.
Since these drugs are highly reputed (despite their being
actually useless), the intact gall bladders of bears sell in
the international markets at phenomenal rates. This has
caused poaching of bears and consequent fall of bear population.
Sravan kumar understood that he had been caught red-handed.
The best way to circumvent the law was to deny that these
where bear gall bladders. Consequently he asserted that the
gall bladders where taken from pigs and not from bears.
Since pig not in protected act- Sravan could go scot free.
He banked upon the fact that the gall bladders of large
mammals look alike and is extremely difficult to distinguish
one from another. In effect question belonged to pigs or to
bears. It was at this stage that the airport police asked
for my help.
Despite common belief forensic science doesn’t cater only on
solving murders, killings or assassinations. Forensic
science is the application of scientific knowledge to solve
any legal dispute. Since here the police did face a legal
dilemma, forensic science could come to their rescue.
During recent years the law enforcement agencies involved in
protecting wildlife are increasingly turning to forensic
science to bring culprits to the book. Protected animals are
killed because of false beliefs in curative powers of
medicines made from their body parts, or because of their
valuable fur’s or hides or just because for plain fun.
Poaching of elephants for ivory is a common problem. But
ivory comes from a number of sources ( as many as fifteen )
and often even the criminals find it convenient to assert
that ivory came from valid source. In US for instance
trading in ivory is illegal, trading in ivory of now extinct
mammoths and mastodons. There is synthetic ivory too which
is plastic like material. Whenever smugglers are caught with
ivory their standard answer is that ivory is from a mammoth
which is completely legal.
Forensic science once again comes to the rescue of wildlife
officers. It helps in differentiating ivory coming from
various sources. Mammoth ivory is usually darker than
elephant ivory, since it contains traces of iron which has
oxidized over time, but is not always the case. The best
way ivory from various sources can be distinguished is by
observing what are known as Schreger lines. Ivory is criss
– crossed by dentinal tubules, which can be seen under a
scanning electron micro – scope (SEM) as straight lines.
These tubules where first described by a German research
Schreger, after whom these lines are named. Thses schreger
lines form a unique pattern in each species. For instance
while in elephants, these lines always meet an angle greater
than 110 degrees., in mammoths they form a very convenient
for differentiating between the ivories of mammoth and
elephants.
Q1). What was the question that turned up during the
investigations that followed the confiscation of gall bladders?
a) Can experts easily distinguish between animal gall
bladders and shriveled mangoes.
b) Can experts easily distinguish between the gall bladders
of bear and that of pig’s
c) It is a matter of experience or of medical expertise that
enables doctors to identify the species of the animals to
whom the gall bladders belong.
d) Is the police force better than the doctors at
identifying the species of the animals to whom the gall
bladders belong to.
e) Is forensic science of any help in identifying the
species of the animals from whom the gall bladders have come
Q2). Why did Sravan kumar say that gall bladders have been
taken out of pigs?
i) Because pigs do not figure among the five schedules in
the Indian wild-life protection act of 1973.
ii) Because he wanted to avoid prosecution
iii) Because he did not consider it morally wrong to say so
iv) Because he had bribed an forensic scientist to support
his statements
a) I only
b) I & ii only
c) I, ii & iii only
d) I, ii, iii & iv only
Q3). Why are the gall bladders of bears smuggled?
i) Because they fetch lot of money
ii) Because they are apparently useless
iii) Because they are used for making drugs
a) I only
b) Ii only
c) I & ii only
d) I & iii only
e) Iii only
Q4). Which of the following statements is correct ?
a) The weired looking things are shriveled black mangoes
b) The ‘ursus arctos is abellinus’ is a protected species
c) The gall bladders of bears do not sell in the
international market
d) Sravan kumar was not a smuggler
e) Sravan kumar was able to go scot-free by convincing the
authorities that the gall bladders came from pigs
Q5). What did Sravan kumar base his hopes on?
a) The lack of expertise in the field of forensic science
b) The fact that the gall bladders had been taken from bears
and from pigs
c) The fact that the gall bladders of large mammals look alike
d) The fact that the intact gall bladders sell in the
international market
e) The fact that the forensic science is known to cater to
solving murders, killings or assasinations
Q6). Why did the airport police seek the author’s help?
a) Because he is a detcetive
b) Because he is a lawyer with extensive knowledge in the
field of wildlife protection
c) Bnecause he is an expert in the field of forensic science
d) Because he is a foreigner setlled in India
e) Because he is a great champion of wildlife protection in
India
Q7). What was the legal dilemna?
a) Whether ro prosecute Sravan kumar or to let him go scot-free
b) To detremine whther the gall bladders belonged to bears
or pigs
c) To decide whether bear is an endagered species
d) To decide whether pig is an endangered species
e) To determine whether forensic science aid should be
sought only to solve murders ot to solve any legal disputes
Q8). Who are the culprits who need to be punished ?
i) Poachers
ii) Those who kill animals for their organs
iii) Those who hunt protected animals for fun
a) I & II only
b) I only
c) I & III only
d) II only
e) I, II & III only
Q9). Why is it convenient for criminals to claim that ivory
has come from valid source?
a) Because mammoths and mastodons have become exticnt
b) Because ivory comes from as many as fifteen sources
c) Because it is possible for one to distinguish between one
kind of ivory to another
d) Because of elephants is prohibited in many countries
e) Because mammoths have tasks which are very similar to
synthetic ivory
Q10). What is the best way of distinguishing ivory coming
from various sources?
a) By testing whether the ivory contains traces of iron
b) Bvy scrutinizing it closely to see that it is darker than
elephant ivory
c) By over serving the pattern of tubules on the ivory
d) By feeling the texture to note the difference
e) By extracting the tissue and getting it examined by a
forensic sciebtist
1) Five racing drivers, Alan, Bob, Chris, Don, and Eugene,
enter into a contest that consists of 6 races. The results
of all six races are listed below:
Bob always finishes ahead of Chris.
Alan finishes either first or last.
Eugene finishes either first or last.
There are no ties in any race.
Every driver finishes each race.
In each race, two points are awarded for a fifth place
finish, four points for fourth, six points for third, eight
points for second, and ten points for first.
If Eugene finishes two places ahead of Chris in the first
race, all of the following will be true EXCEPT:
a) Bob finishes ahead of Don.
b) Chris finishes two places ahead of Alan.
c) Don finishes fourth.
d) Bob finishes immediately behind Eugene.
e) Chris finishes ahead of Bob.
2) Five racing drivers, Alan, Bob, Chris, Don, and Eugene,
enter into a contest that consists of 6 races. The results
of all six races are listed below:
Bob always finishes ahead of Chris.
Alan finishes either first or last.
Eugene finishes either first or last.
There are no ties in any race.
Every driver finishes each race.
In each race, two points are awarded for a fifth place
finish, four points for fourth, six points for third, eight
points for second, and ten points for first.
If Don finishes third in the third race, which of the
following must be true of that race?
a) Alan finishes first.
b) Eugene finishes first.
c) Bob finishes second.
d) Chris finishes second.
e) Alan finishes fifth.
3) Five racing drivers, Alan, Bob, Chris, Don, and Eugene,
enter into a contest that consists of 6 races. The results
of all six races are listed below:
Bob always finishes ahead of Chris.
Alan finishes either first or last.
Eugene finishes either first or last.
There are no ties in any race.
Every driver finishes each race.
In each race, two points are awarded for a fifth place
finish, four points for fourth, six points for third, eight
points for second, and ten points for first.
If Eugene's total for the six races is 36 points, which of
the following must be true?
a) Bob's total is more than 36 points.
b) Chris's total is more than 36 points.
c) Alan's total is 36 points.
d) Don's total is less than 36 points.
e) Don's total is 36 points.
4) Five racing drivers, Alan, Bob, Chris, Don, and Eugene,
enter into a contest that consists of 6 races. The results
of all six races are listed below:
Bob always finishes ahead of Chris.
Alan finishes either first or last.
Eugene finishes either first or last.
There are no ties in any race.
Every driver finishes each race.
In each race, two points are awarded for a fifth place
finish, four points for fourth, six points for third, eight
points for second, and ten points for first.
If Alan finishes first only once, and Don finishes second
exactly twice, the lowest total number of points that Bob
can earn in the race is:
a) 32 points.
b) 38 points.
c) 40 points.
d) 44 points.
e) 48 points.
5) Five racing drivers, Alan, Bob, Chris, Don, and Eugene,
enter into a contest that consists of 6 races. The results
of all six races are listed below:
Bob always finishes ahead of Chris.
Alan finishes either first or last.
Eugene finishes either first or last.
There are no ties in any race.
Every driver finishes each race.
In each race, two points are awarded for a fifth place
finish, four points for fourth, six points for third, eight
points for second, and ten points for first.
If Alan finishes first in four races, which of the following
could earn a total of fewer than 26 points in the six races?
a) Bob only.
b) Chris only.
c) Don only.
d) Eugene of Chris.
e) Don or Chris.
6) Five racing drivers, Alan, Bob, Chris, Don, and Eugene,
enter into a contest that consists of 6 races. The results
of all six races are listed below:
Bob always finishes ahead of Chris.
Alan finishes either first or last.
Eugene finishes either first or last.
There are no ties in any race.
Every driver finishes each race.
In each race, two points are awarded for a fifth place
finish, four points for fourth, six points for third, eight
points for second, and ten points for first.
If Frank enters the third race and finishes behind Chris and
Don, which of the following must be true of that race?
a) Eugene finishes first.
b) Alan finishes sixth.
c) Don finishes second.
d) Frank finishes fifth.
e) Chris finishes third.
Jane works at a fashion design company, and is having
problems getting dressed for work. She refuses to wear any
color combination that does not go well together as many of
her clients may look down upon this.
She has two pairs of skirts, brown and blue; three blouses,
white, sky blue, and gray; four pairs of stockings, red,
black, brown, and blue; and two pairs of shoes, black and brown.
The blue skirt cannot be worn with red or brown stockings.
Gray does not go well with brown.
Black does not go well with brown.
If Jane wears black shoes she will not wear:
a) red stockings.
b) a blue skirt.
c) a white blouse.
d) blue stockings.
e) a sky blue blouse.
8) Jane works at a fashion design company, and is having
problems getting dressed for work. She refuses to wear any
color combination that does not go well together as many of
her clients may look down upon this.
She has two pairs of skirts, brown and blue; three blouses,
white, sky blue, and gray; four pairs of stockings, red,
black, brown, and blue; and two pairs of shoes, black and brown.
The blue skirt cannot be worn with red or brown stockings.
Gray does not go well with brown.
Black does not go well with brown.
If Jane is color blind and is unable to determine what
outfits went well together, how many possible clothing
combinations could she have?
a) 24
b) 32
c) 36
d) 44
e) 48
9) Jane works at a fashion design company, and is having
problems getting dressed for work. She refuses to wear any
color combination that does not go well together as many of
her clients may look down upon this.
She has two pairs of skirts, brown and blue; three blouses,
white, sky blue, and gray; four pairs of stockings, red,
black, brown, and blue; and two pairs of shoes, black and brown.
The blue skirt cannot be worn with red or brown stockings.
Gray does not go well with brown.
Black does not go well with brown.
If Jane wears a brown skirt and a white blouse, she could:
a) not wear blue stockings.
b) not wear brown shoes.
c) not wear black shoes.
d) wear blue stockings.
e) wear red stockings.
10) Jane works at a fashion design company, and is having
problems getting dressed for work. She refuses to wear any
color combination that does not go well together as many of
her clients may look down upon this.
She has two pairs of skirts, brown and blue; three blouses,
white, sky blue, and gray; four pairs of stockings, red,
black, brown, and blue; and two pairs of shoes, black and brown.
The blue skirt cannot be worn with red or brown stockings.
Gray does not go well with brown.
Black does not go well with brown.
Jane buys a gray scarf. If she wears the new scarf, then she
could:
a) not wear blue stockings.
b) not wear brown stockings.
c) not wear black shoes.
d) wear a white blouse.
e) wear black stockings.
11) Jane works at a fashion design company, and is having
problems getting dressed for work. She refuses to wear any
color combination that does not go well together as many of
her clients may look down upon this.
She has two pairs of skirts, brown and blue; three blouses,
white, sky blue, and gray; four pairs of stockings, red,
black, brown, and blue; and two pairs of shoes, black and brown.
The blue skirt cannot be worn with red or brown stockings.
Gray does not go well with brown.
Black does not go well with brown.
Jane will never wear:
a) blue and red together.
b) white and red together.
c) gray and blue together.
d) white and black together.
e) white and red together.
Two men, Barry and David, and two women Ann and Cathy are
doctors. One is a surgeon, one a dentist, one an
optometrist, and one is a general practitioner. They are
seated around a square table, with one person on each side.
1) Barry is across from the dentist.
2) David is not across from the surgeon.
3) The optometrist is on Ann's immediate left.
4) Cathy is the general practitioner.
5) The surgeon and general practitioner are married to each
other.
6) The general practitioner is not on Cathy's immediate left.
7) The general practitioner is across from the optometrist.
Which of the following must be true?
a) Barry is the dentist.
b) The surgeon and general practitioner are women.
c) The dentist is across from the surgeon.
d) David is the surgeon.
e) Cathy is across from Ann.
13) Two men, Barry and David, and two women Ann and Cathy
are doctors. One is a surgeon, one a dentist, one an
optometrist, and one is a general practitioner. They are
seated around a square table, with one person on each side.
1) Barry is across from the dentist.
2) David is not across from the surgeon.
3) The optometrist is on Ann's immediate left.
4) Cathy is the general practitioner.
5) The surgeon and general practitioner are married to each
other.
6) The general practitioner is not on Cathy's immediate left.
7) The general practitioner is across from the optometrist.
If both women leave the table, the
a) optometrist and dentist remain.
b) surgeon and optometrist remain.
c) surgeon and general practitioner remain.
d) general practitioner and dentist remain.
e) general practitioner and optometrist remain.
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