There are 3 types of caching
1.Page caching
2.Fragment Caching
3.Output Caching

Caching is 3 types
1.Output Cacheing or Page cacheing
2.Fragment Cacheing
3.Data Cacheing

caching means frequently used data on to the temporary memory
3 type of cachings are there 
1.output caching:when cache apply to entire page output on
to the temporary memory
2.fragment cache:when cache apply to different portions of
web page
3.datacaching:when cache apply to memory variables.