Due to moisture in each particle of sand,sand gets a
coating of water due to surface tension which keeps the
particles apart.This causes an increment in volume of sand
kown as bulking.
Bulking of sand means increase in it's volume due to presence of surface moisture . The volume increases with increase in moisture content . The volume may increase up to 20 to 40% when moisture content is 5 to 10 %
Sand when dampens occupies more space than when it was dry.
Increase 25% more sand and reduce 20% water otherwise it
will influence the water-cement ratio.
When mixes are specified by volume, the sand is assumed to be dry. The volume of a given weight of sand, however, varies according to its moisture content. Equal weights of dry and inundated sand have practically the same volume but the same weight of sand in a damp condition can occupy a volume as much as 40% greater. This phenomenon is known as 'bulking'.
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