There can be so many types of test cases prepared according 
to the application you are dealing with.
For e.g in a banking domain, you can concentrate on
1. Links present in the page
2. Content and position of all the controls present in that 
page
3. Validating the text fields in that page
4. Verifying the data storage after submitting
5. The path of traverse of the functionality

You can have as many as you can, if time permits

There are different ways to classify testcases.
But it could be one of them 
1. Classify testcasees  which follows normal business flow
2. Classify testcases which checks Link navigation (this is 
more for Web based applications)
3.Field validations (Data which we are enterering is 
following business rules
4.Content verification :Content dispalyed on the 
application are correct 
5. Negative testcases - Flows other than normal business 
flows

This classification for functional testing 

Two types
there are 1.GUI & 
2.Functional
i)+ ve test cases &
II) -ve test cases

In general we will write test cases for..

1) User Interface ( Colours,font,visibility,spellings,etc)
2) Usability ( User friendliness of the application, like 
default cursor focus, tab order etc).
3) Validation ( to avoid invalid data processing)
4) Functionality ( ex: for Save,Delete,edit buttons).

Any software application will have GUI and a functionality.
so the we can write three types of test cases.

1. Validation Test Cases
2. Input Format Test Cases and
3. Functional Test Cases