ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol
It is chiefly used by networked computers' operating systems
to send error messages—indicating, for instance, that a
requested service is not available or that a host or router
could not be reached.
ARP - Address resolution protocol
The Address Resolution Protocol is the standard method for
finding a host's hardware address when only its network
layer address is known.
Multicast -Multicast is the delivery of information to a
group of destinations simultaneously using the most
efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of
the network only once, creating copies only when the links
to the destinations split.
Broadcast -Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or
video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The
audience may be the general public or a relatively large
sub-audience, such as children or young adults.