In bicarbonate buffer system [HCO3-]/[H2CO3] ratio of 20:1 
is required for the ph of blood plasma to remain 7.4.
if there is any change in the ratio in favour of H2CO3 
acidosis results.


this change can result from a decreasein HCO3 ion  or from 
an increase in H2CO3.

most common forms of acidosis are metabolic or respiratory.

Alkalosis occurs when hco3 ion becomes favoured in the 
bicarbonate or carbonic acid ratio.

metabolic alkalosis occurs when HCO3 ion increases.

respiratory alkalosis occurs is inducedby hyperventilation 
because an excess removal of co2 from the blood results in 
a decrease in H2CO3.

ACIDOSIS: INTERMS OF PH, INCREASE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF H 
IONS\OTHER CATIONS
                    OR 
          DECREASE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF BICARBONATE IONS

       NORMAL RATIO OF BLOOD BICARBONATE BUFFER IS 20:1

ALKALOSIS: DECREASE IN THE CONCENTRATION OFH IONS OR 
INCREASE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF  BICARBONATE 
IONS|SALTS