Public Limited Company	Private Limited Company
1	Minimum number of members are 7.	Minimum 
number of members are 2.
2	Maximum number of members are unlimited.
	Maximum number of members are 50.
3	Minimum directors are 3.	 Minimum directors 
are 2.
4	After getting business commencement certificate 
they can do business.	Can start business after 
incorporation.
5	Public Limited Company can go for public issue.
	Private Limited Company shall not issue its shares 
to outsiders.

shares of public company  are listed on stock exchange 
while shares of  private limited company  are not listed on 
stock exchange

debt/equity ratio below 0.50 is ideal; however, many 
stable companies have a ratio of 1.0 or higher.

Debt-equity ratio is the ratio of debt and equity in the 
company lower ratio will be overcapitalization and higher 
ratio shows undercapitalization

I m not sure .... i have heard from many professionals that 
Debt: Equity ratio will be 1:2.
Plz rectify , if it is wrong

mr. Suhasini Modagi 
 
   ideal debt equity ratio is 2:1 nt 1:2.

thanks  for rectifing my answer shalini.

its all depand upon the ompany capital structure

This Ratio is ascertained to determine long-term solvency 
position of a company.

        Debt-Eqity Ratio=External equities/InternalEquities.
     
The Ideal Debt-Eqity Ratio is '1'

IT DEPENDS ON COME FOR LARGE FIRM IDEAL IS 2:1 AND FOR 
SMALL N MAEDIUM 3:1

I feel its highly dependent on the sector. A straight 2:1 or
3:1 is nt an ideal D by E ratio for all the companies.

Ideal Debt-Eqity Ratio for a company depends on industry 
type from which it belongs. If it is from service industry 
low D-E is ideal it may be 0 To.05  Otherwise it is .05to1.5

its uncountable 
and its depends upon company to use which type of adverting 
the company is using

there is many type of advertisement 
paper ,electonic, media , picture , board, printing media

instore advertisement
print
media
electronic

In my point of view there are nine plus types of 
advertisement. The are
1. Commercial advertisements
2. Walk in interview advertisements
3. Government advertisements like 108 services and puls 
polio etc.,
4. Admissions advertisements
5. Wanted bride/groom advertisements
6. Greetings
7. Missing advertisements
8. Entertinement advertisements 
9. To-Let advertisements etc.,

advertiments are many types, 
t.v., internet, posters,
every advertisment is depends on his organisation
t.v. and internet advertisments are very popular nw a 
days...

it is depand on the types of organisation & there business
 there is many type of advertisement 
paper ,electonic, media , picture , board, printing media, 
tv , internet advertisment these are very popular.





   by
    Rishikesh singh(PGDM Student)

NAME OF BSE 30 COMPANIES

ACC, BHARTI AIRTEL, BHEL, DLF, GRASIM, HDFC, HDFC BANK, 
HINDALCO, HUL, ICICI BANK, INFOSYS, ITC, JAIPRAKASH 
ASSOCIATES, L&T, MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA, MARUTI SUZUKI, ONGC, 
NTPC, RANABAXY LAB, RELIENCE, RELIENCE COMM, RELIENCE 
INFRASTRUCTURE, SATYAM, SBI, STERLITE INDUSTRY, TATA 
MOTORS, TATA POWER, TATA STEEL. TCS, WIPRO.

NAME OF NSE 50 COMPANIES

RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD., OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION 
LTD., BHARTI AIRTEL LIMITED, NTPC LTD, RELIANCE 
COMMUNICATIONS LTD., ICICI BANK LTD., INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES 
LTD., TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LTD,BHEL, STATE BANK OF 
INDIA, STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA, LARSEN & TOUBRO LTD., HERO 
HONDA MOTORS LTD, ZEE ENTERTAINMENT LTD, INDIAN 
PETROCHEMICALS CORPORATION LTD., CIPLA LTD, BHARAT 
PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD., VIDESH SANCHAR NIGAM LTD, DR. 
REDDY'S LABORATORIES, MAHANAGAR TELEPHONE NIGAM LTD, 
GLAXOSMITHKLINE PHARMA LTD., ABB LTD. ,POWER GRID 
CORPORATION OF INDIA, RELIANCE ENERGY LTD,SIEMENS LTD,ACC 
LIMITED,AMBUJA CEMENTS LTD,HCL TECHNOLOGIES LTD,HINDALCO 
INDUSTRIES LTD,NATIONAL ALUMINIUM CO LTD,SUN 
PHARMACEUTICALS IND.,MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD,TATA POWER CO 
LTD,PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK,RANBAXY LABS LTD,ITC LTD,RELIANCE 
PETROLEUM LTD.,HDFC LTD,WIPRO LTD,STERLITE INDUSTRIES 
LTD.,HDFC BANK LTD,TATA STEEL LIMITED,HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 
LTD.,SUZLON ENERGY LIMITED,GAIL (INDIA) LTD,GRASIM 
INDUSTRIES LTD,SATYAM COMPUTER SERVICES,TATA MOTORS 
LIMITED,MARUTI UDYOG LIMITED

30 COMPANIES IN BSE ARE CALLED SENSEX. THEY CHANGE 
OFTENLY.THEY ARE CALLED DUE THEIR HIGH CAPITALISATION.

50 COMPOANIES IN SE ARE CALLED NIFTY.THEY ALSO CHANGE OFTEN 
AND THEY ALSO HAVE TOP 50 HIGHEST MARKET CAPITALIZATION

NAME OF BSE 30 COMPANIES

ACC, BHARTI AIRTEL, BHEL, DLF, GRASIM, HDFC, HDFC BANK, 
HINDALCO, HUL, ICICI BANK, INFOSYS, ITC, JAIPRAKASH 
ASSOCIATES, L&T, MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA, MARUTI SUZUKI, ONGC, 
NTPC, RANABAXY LAB, RELIENCE, RELIENCE COMM, RELIENCE 
INFRASTRUCTURE, SATYAM, SBI, STERLITE INDUSTRY, TATA 
MOTORS, TATA POWER, TATA STEEL. TCS, WIPRO.

NAME OF NSE 50 COMPANIES

RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD., OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION 
LTD., BHARTI AIRTEL LIMITED, NTPC LTD, RELIANCE 
COMMUNICATIONS LTD., ICICI BANK LTD., INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES 
LTD., TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LTD,BHEL, STATE BANK OF 
INDIA, STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA, LARSEN & TOUBRO LTD., HERO 
HONDA MOTORS LTD, ZEE ENTERTAINMENT LTD, INDIAN 
PETROCHEMICALS CORPORATION LTD., CIPLA LTD, BHARAT 
PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD., VIDESH SANCHAR NIGAM LTD, DR. 
REDDY'S LABORATORIES, MAHANAGAR TELEPHONE NIGAM LTD, 
GLAXOSMITHKLINE PHARMA LTD., ABB LTD. ,POWER GRID 
CORPORATION OF INDIA, RELIANCE ENERGY LTD,SIEMENS LTD,ACC 
LIMITED,AMBUJA CEMENTS LTD,HCL TECHNOLOGIES LTD,HINDALCO 
INDUSTRIES LTD,NATIONAL ALUMINIUM CO LTD,SUN 
PHARMACEUTICALS IND.,MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD,TATA POWER CO 
LTD,PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK,RANBAXY LABS LTD,ITC LTD,RELIANCE 
PETROLEUM LTD.,HDFC LTD,WIPRO LTD,STERLITE INDUSTRIES 
LTD.,HDFC BANK LTD,TATA STEEL LIMITED,HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 
LTD.,SUZLON ENERGY LIMITED,GAIL (INDIA) LTD,GRASIM 
INDUSTRIES LTD,SATYAM COMPUTER SERVICES,TATA MOTORS 
LIMITED,MARUTI UDYOG LIMITED

0

30 stocks in BSE - Most actively traded stocks in the 
market, account for half of the BSE's market 
capitalisation. they represent 13 sectors of the economy 
and are leaders in their respective industries.

50 stocks in NSE - most actively traded stocks in the 
market, represent 24 sectors of the economy.

ACC, BHARTI AIRTEL, BHEL, DLF, GRASIM, HDFC, HDFC BANK, 
HINDALCO, HUL, ICICI BANK, INFOSYS, ITC, JAIPRAKASH 
ASSOCIATES, L&T, MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA, MARUTI SUZUKI, ONGC, 
NTPC, RANABAXY LAB, RELIENCE, RELIENCE COMM, RELIENCE 
INFRASTRUCTURE, SATYAM, SBI, STERLITE INDUSTRY, TATA 
MOTORS, TATA POWER, TATA STEEL. TCS, WIPRO.

NAME OF NSE 50 COMPANIES

RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD., OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION 
LTD., BHARTI AIRTEL LIMITED, NTPC LTD, RELIANCE 
COMMUNICATIONS LTD., ICICI BANK LTD., INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES 
LTD., TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LTD,BHEL, STATE BANK OF 
INDIA, STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA, LARSEN & TOUBRO LTD., HERO 
HONDA MOTORS LTD, ZEE ENTERTAINMENT LTD, INDIAN 
PETROCHEMICALS CORPORATION LTD., CIPLA LTD, BHARAT 
PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD., VIDESH SANCHAR NIGAM LTD, DR. 
REDDY'S LABORATORIES, MAHANAGAR TELEPHONE NIGAM LTD, 
GLAXOSMITHKLINE PHARMA LTD., ABB LTD. ,POWER GRID 
CORPORATION OF INDIA, RELIANCE ENERGY LTD,SIEMENS LTD,ACC 
LIMITED,AMBUJA CEMENTS LTD,HCL TECHNOLOGIES LTD,HINDALCO 
INDUSTRIES LTD,NATIONAL ALUMINIUM CO LTD,SUN 
PHARMACEUTICALS IND.,MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD,TATA POWER CO 
LTD,PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK,RANBAXY LABS LTD,ITC LTD,RELIANCE 
PETROLEUM LTD.,HDFC LTD,WIPRO LTD,STERLITE INDUSTRIES 
LTD.,HDFC BANK LTD,TATA STEEL LIMITED,HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 
LTD.,SUZLON ENERGY LIMITED,GAIL (INDIA) LTD,GRASIM 
INDUSTRIES LTD,SATYAM COMPUTER SERVICES,TATA MOTORS 
LIMITED,MARUTI UDYOG LIMITED

Sensex 30 companies list in bse 
ACC
BHEL
BHARTI AIRTEL LTD
DLF LTD
GRASIM INDUSTRIES LTD
HDFC
HDFC BANK LTD
HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD
HINDUSTAN UNILIVER LTD
ICICI BANK LTD
INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LTD
ITC LTD
JAIPRAKASH ASSOCIATES LTD
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD
MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD
NTPC LTD
ONGC LTD
RANBAXY LABORATORIES LTD
RELIANCE COMMUNICATIONS LTD
RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD
RELIANCE INFRASTRUCTURE LTD
SUNPHARMA LTD
STATE BANK OF INDIA
STERLITE INDUSTRIES INDIA LTD
TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED
TATA MOTORS LTD
TATA POWER COMPANY LTD
TATA STEEL LTD
WIPRO LTD

NSE 50 companies list as follows 

ABB
ACC
AMBUJA CEMENTS
BHEL
BPCL
BHARTI AIRTEL LIMITED
CIPLA
DR. REDDY'S 
DABUR INDIA
GAIL
GLAXO PHARMA
GRASIM INDUSTRIES
HCL TECH
HDFC
HDFC BANK
HPCL
HERO HONDA
HINDALCO INDUSTRIES
HINDUSTAN UNILIVER
ICICI BANK
INFOSYS
JET AIRWAYS
LARSEN & TOUBRO
M&M
MTNL
MARUTI UDYOG
NALCO
ONGC
ORIENTAL BANK
PNG
RANBAXY LABS
RELIANCE COMMUNICATION
RELIANCE INDUSTRIES
SAIL
SBI
SATYAM COM
SIEMENS
SUN PHARMA
SUZLON ENERGY
TATA COMMUNICATIONS
TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES
TATA MOTORS
TATA POWER
TATA STEEL
WIPRO
ZEE ENTERTAINMENT

NSE MEANS NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE, AS WELL BSE MEANS BOMBAY 
STOCK EXCHANGE.
IN NSE THE TOP COMPANIES CALLED AS A NIFTY, IT MEANS 
NATIOAL TOP FIFTY ORGANISATIONS IN DIFFERENT SECTORS IN 
LISTED NSE.
THIS FIFTY COMPANIES ARE OFTENLY CHANED. Y BCOZ THOSE 
MARKET CAPTILISTIONS ARE CHANGED.

30 stocks in BSE - Most actively traded stocks in the 
market, account for half of the BSE's market 
capitalisation. they represent 13 sectors of the economy 
and are leaders in their respective industries.

50 stocks in NSE - most actively traded stocks in the 
market, represent 24 sectors of the economy.
If the use companies very much.

Please send me Sample papers National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacency in kapil.cs07@gmail.com

atleast 10 years questions with answers plzz send to my email given....

Hi,

         I am also looking for pattern & questions of  NIC 
exam. If anyone knows it pls send it to govanthanm@yahoo.com.

thanks in advance.

regards 

Govanthan

i am looking for NIC sample paper if find pls send on  
rak.tit@gmail.com

i am looking for NIC sample paper if find pls send me
essprakash@gmail.com

i am looking for NIC sample paper if find pls send me
tosureshkannan@gmail.com

I am looking nic sampe paper .any one send me nic sample
papers. thanks 
pushpendra25@operamail.com

Sir, 
  I am looking for NIC Sample papers or any patern of 
questions/ syllabus plz, send me on rashmibhushan.84@gmail
Regards
Rashmi Bhushan

Please send me NIC Scientific officer sample papers at 
bomken16@rediffmail.com

I am looking for NIC Sample papers or any patern of 
questions/ syllabus plz, send me on priyajagu@gmail
Regards
priya

Please send me Sample papers National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacency

I am looking for NIC Sample papers or any patern of 
questions/ syllabus plz, send me on ubnare@gmail.com
Regards
ubnare

Please send me Sample papers of National Informatics Centre

i am looking for NIC sample paper if find pls send on  
shivkumar.amuda@rediffmail.com

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer sample papers. Thanking you in advance.
My mailid : shatadrudas@gmail.com

Please send me NIC Scientific officer sample papers at 
aruktm@gmail.com

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer sample papers.
Email ID:neoamitav@yahoo.com

please send me sample papars of NIc

prashanth518@yahoo.com

Please send me sample papers of NIC


bjayac@gmail.com

Could you please send me the syllabus and sample paper of 
NIC.
antony_godson@yahoo.com

Please send me sample papers of NIC

please send me mic saple papers

Please send me sample papers of NIC


manish2bharti@yahoo.co.in

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer sample papers and
sylabus. Thanking you in advance.
My mailid : mohd1_2007@yahoo.com

Please send me Sample papers National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacency in bhatt_uma@rediffmail.com

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
monalisa.svnit@gmail.com..Any help would be really appreciated..

hello everybody....can somebody plz send me the model papers
of nic for scientific officers post??...my mail id is
"unisubhaa@yahoo.com".....it will be a real help...thanks..

I am also looking for pattern & questions of  NIC 
exam. If anyone knows it pls send it to mohnish.cse@gmail.com

thanks in advance.

regards 

Mohnish Patel
Bangalore

hi,
I am looking for NIC Sample papers 
plz, send me on vertika.varma@gmail.com
Regards,
vertika

send model paper of nic and syllabus

hi,
I am looking for NIC Sample papers 
plz, send me on sadishrajni@gmail.com
Regards,
sadish

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
ubnare@gmail.com.Any help would be really appreciated..

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
rohit.g31@gmail.com..Any help would be really appreciated..

please sir send previous nic requitment sb
programmer/scientific question sample paper

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer/Engineer-SB sample
papers. Thanking you in advance.
My mailid : selva3286@ymail.com

Please send me SYllabus of National Informatics Centre
shilpi.trianz@gmail.com

Can anybody tell me that Persom B.E from Electronics and
Communication branch give this exam and having 2.5 Years of
Experience in IT sector?

plz send me the nic written test question papers of 10 years

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
naresh.pulipati2008@gmail.com
..Any help would be really appreciated.

I am looking for NIC Sample papers or any patern of 
questions/ syllabus plz, send me on 
nds_ashish.kumar@maruti.co.in
Regards
ashish

I m also in need of NIC preparation kit , please send me 
all the old papers at divya_assudani@yahoo.com

Sir, 
  I am looking for NIC Sample papers or any patern of 
questions/ syllabus plz, send me on gauravgunjan14@gmail.com
Regards

I am looking for NIC Sample papers or any pattern of 
questions/ syllabus plz, send me on tiwarimradula@yahoo.com
Regards
mradula

send me a NIC Sample questiones papers.

if any one know sample paper of Nic plz send my mail id 
suchaitha.sake@gmail.com

Please send the sample paper for NIC entrance for 
Scientific Officer to sroypinky17@gmail.com asap.

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer sample papers and
sylabus. Thanking you in advance.
My mailid : dhiren.borse@gmail.com

please send me all the question paper for NIC
please
my mail id is rahul.sengar22@gmail.com

Please send the sample papers for NIC exam for 
Scientific Officer/Engineer-SB (Programmer) to
prkumar_ece@yahoo.co.in

please send me NIC scientific officer/Engineer-SB
(programer) question pattern papers of previous years to 
luckysiri.v@gmail.com

thanks

there is no paper available brothers i searched the whole 
internet , agar uski koi book hain then do let me know abt 
that too

Please send me the modal paper at vishwas20042001@yahoo.com

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
mailurmanish@gmail.com..Any help would be really appreciated..

Please send me the sample questions of NIC to 
parvathytp1717@gmail.com

Pls send me the sample question for NIC Exam to this Email ID : d121985@gmail.com

I am also looking for pattern & questions of  NIC 
exam. If anyone knows it pls send it to pvsr_kishore@yahoo.co.in

thanks in advance.

regards 

Ravikishore

can you please send the nic scientist B old written exam papers and any syllabus to follow it.
my email id:masterasmit@yahoo.com

Hello every one

I am also looking for NIC sample papers and syllabus for
programmer..so any help regrading this is appreciable

mail me at 
juhee.sachdeva@gmail.com
thanks in advance

Hi All,

Anyone got the sample questions or syllabus , please post
public to all ref also for me.

thanks,

Sir, 
  I am looking for NIC Sample papers or any patern of 
questions/ syllabus plz, send me on santosh22m@gmail.com
Regards
santosh kumar

Plss send me last 10yrs sample papers of NIC..
Plss plss..
email: tanaghosh@gmail.com

Thanks in adv..

Rgds/Tana

Hello every one

I am also looking for NIC sample papers and syllabus for
programmer..please help

mail me at 
sandeepgyanchandani@gmail.com

thanks in advance

Hi folk,

Anyone got the sample questions or syllabus of NIC,
scientific officer/Engineer-SB(programmer), please send to
sureshsanmuga@gmail.com.

thanks in advance,

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
raja37pn@gmail.com. 

Any help would be really appreciated..

It would be very thankful, if any one can provide me sample 
paper for NIC. You can mail me at sanju2906@gmail.com

plz send me the sample question paper - 
mahendrashrivastava@gmail.com

I want NIC model question papers, i any one have please 
send me through mail. My mail id is rmkaadhi@yahoo.com.

thanks in advance

I want NIC model question papers, i any one have please 
send me through mail. My mail id is sunramana@gmail.com.

If anybody knows syllabus or have a old paper then plz send
on follwing ID

krunal247@gmail.com

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
krunal247@gmail.com..Any help would be really appreciated..

I am looking nic sampe paper .any one send me nic sample
papers. thanks 
kuamrsegu@gmail.com

If anybody has question papers or any information  about the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
poddar.sw@gmail.com Any help would be really appreciated..

if any one has sample papers for National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacancy please send the papers to 
adonis_gany@yahoo.com, beyourselves2006@yahoo.com..

 please please please do send the papers

Hi All,

Please provide me the exam pattern/syllabus for the same at 
sneha.raj16@gmail.com

Thanks,
Sneha

I am also looking for the syllabus and model papers... anyone can send me the details to prasanthctu2004@yahoo.com

please send me NIC model paper......... my gmail id: hi2chaitu@gmail.com

plz send me too
pradnyakukane@gmail.com

please send me sample question paper
deepanshu.gupt@gmail.com

Please send me Sample papers National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacency

plz send me the nic question papers for scientific officers 
post.

i am looking for NIC sample paper if find pls send me

jyothimercy@gmail.com

If anybody has question papers or any information about the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern, plz send it at
anuj_ca1@yahoo.com. Any help would be really appreciated.

Dear All,

It would be very kindful, if anyone of you can provide me 
some sample papers of NIC.
Email-ID: sanju2906@gmail.com

please send me nic scientific officer sample paper on my
email.id

Hi Every body please go through the operating system 
only....In this exam they ask about OS only.....Like 
Linux,Solaris,AIX,,,,it is sufficient for that...

Dear folks,
I am Pankaj Gupta. I have to give exam for the post of 
scientist in Natinal Informatics center. So i request you 
to email me any information related to that.  My email id 
is: pankaj.1116@yahoo.com

265

Please send me sample papers of NIC

For NIC Programmer vaccancy

At smarty231@gmail.com or gagan1557@yahoo.com

Thank you

Please send me Sample papers National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacency

I am also looking for syllabus&pattern of NIC 
exam. If anyone knows it pls send it to dhivyaravy@gmail.com

hi all..
Please send me Sample papers National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacency at my e-mail id

mca.jobsearch@gmail.com

Hello,

   Please anybody send me Syllabus and Pattern of exam of 
NIC.
Please send me on vaishali.bhavsar83@gmail.com

Thank u..

i am also looking for the same answer please send a mail to 
rasu_1232006@yahoo.co.in

Hi,

         I am also looking for pattern & questions of  NIC 
exam. If anyone knows it pls send it to harisubo@gmail.com

thanks in advance.

regards 

~subodh

hi
I am looking for NIC examinations papers.If someone have 
knowledge about papers.please send me mail on 
akhil_schdv@yahoo.com.

regerds
Akhil Sachdeva

u wont get any paper and syllabus for nic... i have appeared
for 2 times ang got through written examination once... just
study basic and trust your luck...

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer/Engineer-SB sample
papers. Thanking you in advance.
My mailid : gopan2000@rediffmail.com

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer sample papers.
Email ID: rajkumar.yadavv@gmail.com

I too need the papers of sample papers for NIC written.........
plz mail to sagar583@gmail.com
thnx in advance........

Please send me NIC Scientific officer sample papers at 
harsha21286@gmail.com

i am looking for NIC sample paper if find pls send me
kam.saini@gmail.com

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer sample papers and
sylabus. Thanking you in advance.
My mailid : shailesh.cs@gmail.com

Hi, me too is looking for NIC written test syllabus and sample papers for the post of Scientific Officer/Engineer-SB. Please forward me here: fujisum@gmail.com

Please send the sample papers for NIC exam 
prasanthctu2004@yahoo.com

Please send me the NIC Scientific officer sample papers.
Thanking you in advance.
My mailid : manish2bharti@yahoo.co.in

Here is the portion for written test in NIC [I got this 
form one of the sites on internet] 

Here you go. This is the syllabus:

Data structures: 

Notion of abstract data types, Stack, Queue, List, Set,
String, Tree, Binary search tree, Heap, Graph;

Programming Methodology: 

C programming, Program control (iteration, recursion,
Functions), Scope, Binding, Parameter passing, Elementary
concepts of Object oriented, Functional and Logic 
Programming;

Algorithms for problem solving: 

Tree and graph traversals, Connected components, Spanning
trees, Shortest paths; Hashing, Sorting, Searching; Design
techniques (Greedy, Dynamic Programming, Divide-and-
conquer);

Compiler Design: 

Lexical analysis, Parsing, Syntax directed translation
, Runtime environment, Code generation, Linking (static and
dynamic); Operating Systems
: Classical concepts (concurrency, synchronization,
deadlock), Processes, threads and Inter-process
communication, CPU scheduling, Memory management, File
systems, I/O systems, Protection and security.

Databases: 

Relational model (ER-model, relational algebra, tuple
calculus), Database design (integrity constraints, normal
forms), Query languages (SQL), File structures (sequential
files, indexing, B+ trees), Transactions and concurrency
control;

Computer Networks:

ISO/OSI stack, sliding window protocol, LAN Technologies
(Ethernet, Token ring), TCP/UDP, IP, Basic concepts of
switches, gateways, and routers
COMPUTER HARDWARE

Digital Logic:

Logic functions, Minimization, Design and synthesis of
Combinational and Sequential circuits; Number representation
and Computer Arithmetic (fixed and floating point);

Computer Organization:

Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and
Data-path, hardwired and micro-programmed control, Memory
interface, I/O interface (Interrupt and DMA mode), Serial
communication interface, Instruction pipelining, Cache, main
and secondary storage.

Please send me Sample papers for National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacency at my email-id :

                                  gautammca07@gmail.com

Sample Paper please

id : charu_dps@yahoo.co.in

Hello.Anyone who receives sample papers for NIC Scientific 
Officer post ..pls Fwd it to me also.

Email id:migvj2007@yahoo.com

Thanx

Hi,
 If anybody know the syllabus and exam pattern of NIC
Scientific Officers.Can you please send me mail?
pavani531@gmail.com
Or else post your answer in this forums.

If anyone has got the pattern and question papers of NIC recruitment program, then please do send me those papers at angel.bird131@gmail.com,since I reaally need them. 

Thanks

Please send the NIC test paper to me at:
sandeep.kec@gmail.com

Thanks

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
monalisa.svnit@gmail.com..Any help would be really appreciated..

Hi,

         I am also looking for pattern & questions of  NIC 
exam(scientific engineer posting). If anyone knows it pls
send it to seenu_1082@yahoo.com.

thanks in advance.

regards 

Srinivasan

Please send the sample papers for NIC exam for 
Scientific Officer/Engineer-SB (Programmer) to
dwivediash@gmail.com

Hi friends, i am also going to write nic examination.but 
time for preparation is short.so send nic all years 
question and model papers and syllabus to my emailid

madankumarbe@gmail.com

I am waiting for reply.....

If anybody has question papers or any information bout the
NIC Scientific officer exam paper's pattern,plz send it at
saurabh.cnb@gmail.com.Any help would be really appreciated..

hi am also in need of nic placement paper.. please send me :
suresh_softprof@yahoo.co.in

I want NIC model question papers, can any one have please 
send me through mail. My mail id is malavainirmala@yahoo.com

I am also badly looking for pattern & questions of NIC 
Scientific officer exam. If anyone knows it pls send it to 
andy.agnom@yahoo.com

please any one please send me the NIC sample paper as soon
as possible.
aggarwal_gaurav04@yahoo.co.in

Could some one Please send me the NIC papers too.
my id is: nkbardia2003@yahoo.co.in

Thanks a lot..

plz also send on my mail id mohdaffan007@gmail.com

please send me NIC patter if u have to
santhoshonline84@yahooo.com

Please send me Sample papers National Informatics Centre
(NIC) Programmer Vacency to
ankitfandufoodu@yahoo.co.in

Reply awaited.....

Thanks in advance

please send me the sample papers of nic exam

i am looking for NIC sample paper if find pls send on  

rinku_ms2000@yahoo.com
thanz in advance

Hey!

Thanks to all who gave the model papers, suggestions, etc.

All the best to all who going for this Test on 22/02/2009.

Hi all,

Hope you all had done well in the exam......

Best of luk.....

Hi..
Does anyone have any idea what the personal interview will
be about..If anyone has any information,plz mail me at
monalisa.svnit@gmail.com..Any help would be highly appreciated..

Hiiiiiiii
did neone get the call for the second round......
How do they intimate us regarding the second round?
Please send me details...
Thnx in advance....

by the way this is my id...
sagar583@gmail.com

Plz send me details of NIC second round (Interview) ..
My email ID is shri.rasal@gmail.com

u can find ur ans on www.master in nic .com

if any body has a question papers about NIC then please 
send me on:

pasricha.vikas@gmail.com

Hello

I am Rajesh Panday From Bhopal. I Know that the pattern of 
NIC Paper. In this 100 Questions are asked. 40 Question are 
Objective Type and 60 question are discriptive type.
Both type question are related to Skills and always 
questions are asked form the SQL, Oracle, Java, HTML, 
ASP.Net, DBMS, RDBMS.

Thanks with Regards
Rajesh Panday
Bhopal 
Mob:- +919826413452
Email:- rajeshpanday_bpl@yahoo.com

NIC Question Pattern:

You can find questions on Sorting algorithms. Also questions
based on SQL query will be asked. Go through the HTML tags
and their usage. Also read about Java and applets.

The exam pattern is like this,

30 objective Questions and 5 descriptive Questions.
Objective for 30 marks and descriptive for 70 marks.

the main action utems are,

  HTML
  OOPS
  JAVA
  DBMS
  SQL
  MEMORY
  OS etc....

If anyone know, please Send me the detail course for NIC 
Exam

hello 
  i am sanjay from raipur
 i give you idea of questions pattern. 40 questions 
objective type and 60 questions descriptive type total no 
of questions 100 both quetion reted to skills.
 question asked from java, asp.net, c, oops, dbms, oracle 
operatin system ,rdbms and html etc...

CAN u please tell me what kind of questions asked in a 
descriptive papers??

Last year in 2008.. i had given the NIC test paper.. the 
questions were based on data structure, java, unix, SDLC , 
oracle.

There were multiple choice questions, fill in the blanks, 
short notes and detail explinations also.

Dear sir Send me Some Questions & Ans For the test of NIC.

please help me.

thanks & Regards,

Yogesh Kumar


my email id--kuntal_11@yahoo.com

can any none send me the privious year question paper ASAP 
pls......to vengadesh66@yahoo.in

dear friends, can any one send me the previous years 
question paper of NIC exam. my mail id 
is ....rsrini_vsn@yahoo.com

Any body Please post your previous experiance with NIC 
entrance.this is kishor my email:kishorbabu531@gmail.com.

Hi friends,

I am also looking for the previous exam papers and the 
detailed pattern for the NIC exam. If any one has, please 
do mail them to me at kumarvarun.1252@gmail.com

can anyone please send me previous years NIC question 
papers....
my email id   captainblue007@yahoo.com

regards,
Ravikumar

If anyone know, please Send me the detail course for NIC 
Exam

Can anyone please send me previous years NIC question 
papers....
my email id thenmozhivijay@yahoo.co.in

Hi friends,

   This is my first time to take an exam, I'm not aware the
pattern of NIC exam. I'm searching last year's exam paper,If
any one has, please mail me on my mail id.
   Thanks in advance.

My Email ->  ds_folks@yahoo.co.in

Hi Rajesh,

Iam praveen from bhopal.CAN u please tell me what kind of 
questions asked in a 
descriptive papers??Or any site where i can find all these 
detils.Is there any questions from apptitude ,reasoning and 
general awareness?Any of your response is highly 
appreciated.

Hi,

         I am also looking for pattern & questions of  NIC 
exam. If anyone knows it pls send it to rajmohang111@gmail.com.

thanks in advance.

regards 

RAJ

Hi all if ny1 hs d previous yr questions OR sample papers or
nything regarding nic XAM ..PLZ send it 2 me also
my id is   here.alka@gmail.com

hi all 
i have planned to take NIC exam this year.. 

if anybody has the previous year question paper kindly send 
it to me also ..
My id is ajisha_sait_india@yahoo.com

hi first time i will give the exam of nic so pls send me 
the nic question paper

Hi Friends..

 Can any one send me sample papers or previous papers of 
NIC Exam...

     I'm waiting for your response...

Plz send me to my mail : guruprasadbtech@gmail.com


Thanks...

hi Friends,

Please forward model/previous  NIC question paper to 
bhaskarrajumca@yahoo.com, thanks

Hi Friends,

This is santosh.. i`m appearing NIC Exam for the first time 
i searched google to get some previous years question 
papers but failed to get one..
Can anyone help me to get few question papers of NIC i`ll 
be thankful..
Plz mail me if u have question papers..

santosh_0503@yahoo.com

Thanks,
santosh

Hi,

         I am also looking for pattern & questions of  NIC 
exam. If anyone knows it pls send it to govanthanm@yahoo.com.

thanks in advance.

regards 

Govanthan

Hi if any body has any sample question if NIC... Please send
it to rpchand1984@gmail.com

Can any one send me sample papers or previous papers of 
NIC Exam...

     I'm waiting for your response...

Plz send me to my mail :pathri_rajender@yahoo.co.in


Thanks...

HELLO friends,
           I am harsha from bangalore i applied for nic exam
this year can u please please send  me some previous years
question pares to my id plsssss its a request.my id is
harsha21286@gmail.com

Hi Friends..

 Can any one send me sample papers or previous papers of 
NIC Exam... as this is the first time am appearing for the exam.

     I'm waiting for your response...

Plz send me to my mail : venkat.kamal@gmail.com


Thanks...

Hi Friends..

 Can any one send me sample papers or previous papers of 
NIC Exam...

     I'm waiting for your response...

Plz send me to my mail : ankurgoel84@gmail.com

Thanks...

Hi friends,

I am also looking for the previous exam papers and the 
detailed pattern for the NIC exam. If any one has, please 
do mail them to me at shiju_john@ymail.com

HELLO friends,
           I am satender singh from delhi i applied for nic 
exam
this year can u please please send  me some previous years
question papers & syllabus to my id plsssss its a 
request.my id is
satender.it@in.com

Can any one send me sample papers or previous papers of 
NIC Exam...

     I'm waiting for your response...

Plz send me to my mail :getswetham@gmail.com


Thanks...

Can any one send me sample papers or previous papers of 
NIC Exam...

dikshasachdeva27@gmail.com

Friends,would like to share a piece of information that 
will  helpful ,lots of  solved questions and model papers
are found in the site  SolvedQuestions.com

Hello,
Even i am looking for question Papers for NIC.Pls do inform 
me at swapna053@yahoo.co.in.Even if anybody knows the 
pattern pls do inform...

Thanks
Swapna.T

Can anyone send me the lastyear question papers?  I saw in 
the call letter that only objective questions are there and 
for 2 hours.

If you have any please send to talktosrinath@yahoo.com

Thanks in advance

Srinath

hi..pls snd the nic qn pattern and sample qns to my mail
lekshmi_ar@yahoo.com

hello,
i am kavita.can anybody send me the pattern of NIC exam plz 
on my id kavitaplwl@yahoo.co.in

hi sir,
please forward me the previous year question papers of NIC
as soon as possible.it will be really a great help.my e-mail
id is aggarwal_gaurav04@yahoo.co.in

thanks
gaurav aggarwal

study all books of cs

It would be great if any one share the previous/model 
question paper for NIC Examination.

Please do forward the pattern and questions to this email 
id komathi.radhakrishnan@gmail.com.

Thanks in Advance.

Regards,
Komathi R

Hi can anyone mai me the prev year / model question paper
for the NIC test???? Thanks.....


sivanesh.l@gmail.com

Friends My name is Babu.
I am also writing this yearts NIC exam for Scientific officer.
So kindly forward me if u have received any model papers of
NIC previous year pepers.
My id is   : satvelibabu1980@gmail.com

It will be very Gr8ful to You .
Thank You.

hi friends,

 Please forward model/previous  NIC question paper to 
prathi85_may@yahoo.com

regards 
prathi

hi..pls can anybody for god sake send me the question 
papers of NIC on   parwez.khan01@gmail.com

hi friends...
           plz send me some information about NIC exam..what
they usually ask in exam..if anybody have last year question
paper plz send me on shashi.ssp@gmail.com....
 
Regards
Shashi Sinha

Hi Friends,

This is Jaya.. i`m appearing NIC Exam for the first time 
i searched google to get some previous years question 
papers but failed to get one..
Can anyone help me to get few question papers of NIC i`ll 
be thankful..
Plz mail me if u have question papers..

Mail id: jayalaxmi2004@gmail.com

Thanks,
jaya

Hi Friends,
Can any one send me sample papers or previous papers of 
NIC Exam... (Latest). I'm waiting for your response...

Plz send me to my mail :rajapriya15@hotmail.com

Thanks...

HI 

WHEN AN FIXED ASSET IS PURCHASED IT HAVING SOME LIFE, WHEN
WE USE THE ASSET THE LIFE IS REDUCE THAT CALLED DEPRECIATION

REASONS ARE WEAR AND TEAR, ACCIDENT, OBSOLENCES ETC.

THERE ARE SO MANY METHODS TO CALCULATE DEPRECIATION


BUT IN SAP ALL METHODS ARE IN DEPPRECIATION AREAS

AS PER INCOME TAX RULES WE FOLLOW STRIGHT LINE METHOD

FOR MANAGEMENT PURPOSE WE FOLLOW WRITTEN DOWN VALUE METHOD

FORMULA FOR STRIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION IS 

COST OF ASSET - SCRAP VALUE / LIFE OF ASSET

SO THIS WILL CLEAR TO UR DOUBT 

IF NOT SEND THE RIGHT ONE IMMEDIATELY

Definition

A non- cash expense that reduces the value of an asset as a
result of wear and tear, age, or obsolescence. Most assets
lose their value over time (in other words, they
depreciate), and must be replaced once the end of their
useful life is reached. There are several accounting methods
that are used in order to write off an asset's depreciation
cost over the period of its useful life. Because it is a
non-cash expense, depreciation lowers the company's reported
earnings while increasing free cash flow.

METHODS OF DEPRICIATION:
There are several methods for calculating depreciation,
generally based on either the passage of time or the level
of activity (or use) of the asset.
Straight-line depreciation
Straight-line depreciation is the simplest and most often
used technique, in which the company estimates the salvage
value of the asset at the end of the period during which it
will be used to generate revenues (useful life), and will
expense a portion of original cost in equal increments over
that period. The salvage value is an estimate of the value
of the asset at the time it will be sold or disposed of; it
may be zero. Salvage value is scrap value, by another name.
Straight-Line Method:
 
For example, a vehicle that depreciates over 5 years, is
purchased at a cost of US$17,000, and will have a salvage
value of US$2000, will depreciate at US$3,000 per year:
($17,000 - $2,000)/ 5 years = $3,000 annual straight-line
depreciation expense. In other words, it is the depreciable
cost of the asset divided by the number of years of its
useful life.
This table illustrates the straight-line method of
depreciation. Book value at the beginning of the first year
of depreciation is the original cost of the asset. At any
time book value equals original cost minus accumulated
depreciation.
Book Value = Original Cost - Accumulated Depreciation
Book value at the end of year becomes book value at the
beginning of next year. The asset is depreciated until the
book value equals scrap value.
Book Value -	Depreciation	Accumulated	Book Value -
Beginning of Year	Expense	Depreciation	End of Year
 	 	 	 
$17,000 (Original Cost)   	$3,000 	$3,000 	$14,000 
$14,000 	$3,000 	$6,000 	$11,000 
$11,000 	$3,000 	$9,000 	$8,000 
$8,000 	$3,000 	$12,000 	$5,000 
$5,000 	$3,000 	$15,000 	$2000(Scrap Value)
If the vehicles were to be sold and the sales price exceeded
the depreciated value (net book value) then the excess would
be considered a gain and subject to the depreciation
recapture rule. In addition, this gain above the depreciated
value would be recognized as ordinary income by the tax
office. If the sales price is ever less than the book value,
the resulting capital loss is tax deductible. If the sale
price were ever more than the original book value, then the
gain above the original book value is recognized as a
capital gain.
If a company chooses to depreciate an asset at a different
rate from that used by the tax office then this generates a
timing difference in the income statement due to the
difference (at a point in time) between the taxation
department's and company's view of the profit.
Declining-Balance Method
Depreciation methods that provide for a higher depreciation
charge in the first year of an asset's life and gradually
decreasing charges in subsequent years are called
accelerated depreciation methods. This may be a more
realistic reflection of an asset's actual expected benefit
from the use of the asset: many assets are most useful when
they are new. One popular accelerated method is the
declining-balance method. Under this method the Book Value
is multiplied by a fixed rate.
Annual Depreciation = Depreciation Rate * Book Value at
Beginning of Year
The most common rate used is double the straight-line rate.
For this reason, this technique is referred to as the
double-declining-balance method. To illustrate, suppose a
business has an asset with $1,000 Original Cost, $100
Salvage Value, and 5 years useful life. First, calculate
straight-line depreciation rate. Since the asset has 5 years
useful life, the straight-line depreciation rate equals
(100% / 5) 20% per year. With double-declining-balance
method, as the name suggests, double that rate, or 40%
depreciation rate is used.
The table below illustrates the double-declining-balance
method of depreciation. Book Value at the beginning of the
first year of depreciation is the Original Cost of the
asset. At any time Book Value equals Original Cost minus
Accumulated Depreciation.
Book Value = Original Cost - Accumulated Depreciation
Book Value at the end of year becomes Book Value at the
beginning of next year. The asset is depreciated until the
Book Value equals Salvage Value, or Scrap Value.
Book Value -	Depriciation Rate	Depreciation	Accumulated	Book
Value -
Beginning of Year	 	Expense	Depreciation	End of Year
 	 	 	 	 
$1,000 (Original Cost)   	40%	$400 	$400 	$600 
$600 	40%	$240 	$640 	$360 
$360 	40%	$144 	$784 	$216 
$216 	40%	         $86. 40	      $870. 40	                 
 $219. 60
                      $219. 60	              $219. 60-$100	
        $29. 60	$900 	$100(Scrap Value)
The Salvage Value is not considered in determining the
annual depreciation, but the Book Value of the asset being
depreciated is never brought below its Salvage Value,
regardless of the method used. The process continues until
the Salvage Value, or the end of the asset's useful life, is
reached. In the last year of depreciation a subtraction
might be needed in order to prevent Book Value from falling
below estimated Scrap Value.
Since declining-balance depreciation doesn't always
depreciate an asset fully by its end of life, some methods
also compute a straight-line depreciation each year, and
apply the greater of the two. This has the effect of
converting from declining-balance depreciation to
straight-line depreciation at a midpoint in the asset's life.
Activity depreciation
Activity depreciation methods are not based on time, but on
a level of activity. This could be miles driven for a
vehicle, or a cycle count for a machine. When the asset is
acquired, its life is estimated in terms of this level of
activity. Assume the vehicle above is estimated to go 50,000
miles in its lifetime. The per-mile depreciation rate is
calculated as: ($17,000 cost - $2,000 salvage) / 50,000
miles = $0.30 per mile. Each year, the depreciation expense
is then calculated by multiplying the rate by the actual
activity level.
Sum-of-Years' Digits Method
Sum-of-Years' Digits is a depreciation method that results
in a more accelerated write-off than straight line, but less
than declining-balance method. Under this method annual
depreciation is determined by multiplying the Depreciable
Cost by a schedule of fractions.
Depreciable Cost = Original Cost - Salvage Value
Book Value = Original Cost - Accumulated Depreciation
Example: If an asset has Original Cost $1000, a useful life
of 5 years and a Salvage Value of $100, compute its
depreciation schedule.
First, determine Years' digits. Since the asset has useful
life of 5 years, the Years' digits are: 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1.
Next, calculate the sum of the digits. 5+4+3+2+1=15
Depreciation rates are as follows:
5/15 for the 1st year, 4/15 for the 2nd year, 3/15 for the
3rd year, 2/15 for the 4th year, and 1/15 for the 5th year.
Book Value -	Total Depreciable 	Depriciation Rate
Depreciation	Accumulated	Book Value -
Beginning of Year	 cost	 	Expense	Depreciation	End of Year
 	 	 	 	 	 
$1,000 (Original Cost)   	$900 	             5 /15	$300
($900 * 5/15)	$300 	$700 
$700 	$900 	              4/15	$240 ($900 * 4/15)	$540 	$460 
$460 	$900 	             3 /15	$180 ($900 * 3/15)	$720 	$280 
$280 	$900 	            2 /15	$120 ($900 * 2/15)	$840 	$160 
$160 	$900 	           1  /15	$60 ($900 * 1/15)	$900 
$100(Scrap Value)
Units-of-Production Depreciation Method
Under the Units-of-Production method, useful life of the
asset is expressed in terms of the total number of units
expected to be produced. Annual depreciation is computed in
three steps.
First, a Depreciable Cost is computed.
Depreciable Cost = Original Cost - Salvage Value.
Second, Depreciation per Unit is computed. Depreciation
charge per unit is computed by dividing Depreciable Cost by
Total Units, expected to be produced during the useful life
of the asset.
Depreciation per Unit = Depreciable Cost / Total Units of
production
Third, annual depreciation, or Depreciation Expense, by
another name, is computed. Depreciation Expense equals
Depreciation per Unit multiplied by the number of units
produced during the year.
Depreciation Expense = Depreciation per Unit * Units
produced during the Year.
Book Value, as always, is calculated by subtracting
Accumulated Depreciation from the Original Cost.
Book Value = Original Cost - Accumulated Depreciation
Suppose, an asset has Original Cost $70,000, Salvage Value
$10,000, and is expected to produce 6,000 units.
Depreciable Cost = ($70,000-$10,000) $60,000
Depreciation per Unit = ($60,000 / 6,000) = $10
The table below illustrates the Units-of-Production
depreciation schedule of the asset.
Book Value -	Units of Production	Depreciation Cost 
Depreciation	Accumulated	Book Value -
Beginning of Year	 	per unit	Expense	Depreciation	End of Year
 	 	 	 	 	 
$70,000 (Original Cost)   	$1,000 	$10 	$10,000 	$10,000 
$60,000 
$60,000 	$1,100 	$10 	$11,000 	$21,000 	$49,000 
$49,000 	$1,200 	$10 	$12,000 	$33,000 	$37,000 
$37,000 	$1,300 	$10 	$13,000 	$46,000 	$24,000 
$24,000 	$1,400 	$10 	$14,000 	$60,000 	$10000(Scrap Value)
Depreciation stops when Book Value is equal to the Scrap
Value of the asset. In the end the sum of Accumulated
Depreciation and Scrap Value equals to the Original Cost.
Units of time depreciation
Units of Time Depreciation is similar to units of
production, and is used for depreciation equipment used in
mine or natural resource exploration, or cases where the
amount the asset is used is not linear year to year.
A simple example can be given for construction co, where
some equipments are used only for some specific usage.
Depending on the number of projects the equipment will be
used and depreciation charged accordingly.
Group Depreciation Method
Group Depreciation method is used for depreciating
multiple-asset accounts using straight-line-depreciation
method. Assets must be similar in nature and have
approximately the same useful lives.
Asset   	Historical
Cost	Salvage
Value	Depreciable
Cost	Life	Depreciation
Per Year
Computers	$5,500	$500	$5,000	5	$1,000
Composite Depreciation Method
The composite method is applied to a collection of assets
that are not similar, and have different service lives. For
example, computers and printers are not similar, but both
are part of the office equipment. Depreciation on all assets
is determined by using the straight-line-depreciation method.


Asset   	Historical
Cost	Salvage
Value	Depreciable
Cost	Life	Depreciation
Per Year
Computers	$5,500	$500	$5,000	5	$1,000
Printers     	$1,000	$100	$ 900	3	$ 300
Total   	$ 6,500	$600	$5,900	4.5	$1,300
Composite life equals the total Depreciable Cost divided by
the total Depreciation Per Year. $5,900 / $1,300 = 4.5 years.
Composite Depreciation Rate equals Depreciation Per Year
divided by total Historical Cost. $1,300 / $6,500 = 0.20 = 20%
Depreciation Expense equals the composite Depreciation rate
times the balance in the asset account. (0.20 * $6,500)
$1,300. Debit Depreciation Expense and credit Accumulated
Depreciation.
When an asset is sold, debit Cash for the amount received
and credit the asset account for its original cost. Debit
the difference between the two to Accumulated Depreciation.
Under the Composite method no gain or loss is recognized on
the sale of an asset.
To calculate Composite Depreciation Rate, divide
Depreciation Per Year by total Historical Cost. To calculate
Depreciation Expense, multiply the result by the same total
Historical Cost. The result, not surprisingly, will equal to
the total Depreciation Per Year again.

Eligibility of an individual or firm to borrow money.

A person who uses the credit cards and it is uses to 
purchases after he pays the money back in a given time that 
person gets credit points when a person have credit points 
the banks offers the loans with out surity that is called 
credit worthiness.

A creditor's measure of an individual's or company's 
ability to meet debt obligations.
This content can be found on the following page:

companies ability to meet all its debts,maintains 
sustainablity in its operations for the period in 
question.creadit worthiness is important factor to be 
considered by the investor before investing.

credit worthyness means ability to pay its obligations.

CREDIT WORTHINESS MEANS IT'S AN ABILITY OF FULLFILLMENT OF 
LIABILITY & LOANS OF AN ENTERPRANIOUR.    
(VIJAYA BS 9731823234 )

ok

Technician-III (Signal) rrb ajmer pls send me model test 
paper

yes

Plan Do Check Act

The PDCA (Plan->Do->Check->Act )cycle is designed to be used
as a dynamic model. The completion of one turn of the cycle
flows into the beginning of the next. Following in the
spirit of continuous quality improvement, the process can
always be reanalyzed and a new test of change can begin.
This continual cycle of change is represented in the ramp of
improvement. Using what we learn in one PDCA trial, we can
begin another, more complex trial.

Plan - a change or a test, aimed at improvement.

  # In this phase, analyze what you inted to improve,
looking for areas that hold opportunities for change. The
first step is to choose areas that offer the most return for
the effort you put in-the biggest bang for your buck. To
identify these areas for change consider using a Flow
chart<link> or Pareto chart<link>. 

Do - Carry out the change or test (preferably on a small scale).

  # Implement the change you decided on in the plan phase. 

Check or Study - the results. What was learned? What went wrong?

  # This is a crucial step in the PDCA cycle. After you have
implemented the change for a short time, you must determine
how well it is working. Is it really leading to improvement
in the way you had hoped? You must decide on several
measures with which you can monitor the level of
improvement. Run Charts can be helpful with this measurement. 

Act - Adopt the change, abandon it, or run through the cycle
again.

  # After planning a change, implementing and then
monitoring it, you must decide whether it is worth
continuing that particular change. If it consumed too much
of your time, was difficult to adhere to, or even led to no
improvement, you may consider aborting the change and
planning a new one. However, if the change led to a
desirable improvement or outcome, you may consider expanding
the trial to a different area, or slightly increasing your
complexity. This sends you back into the Plan phase and can
be the beginning of the ramp of improvement. 

                             cheers

                              ravibyndur@yahoo.com

PDCA - Plan,Do,Check,Act

Lakshmi give the right and simple answer

i am best applicable for this job as i have good
communication skill that is required in call center.

i have experiance as well good command over the subject

I'm candid, dynamic, visionary focused, committed to the 
profession person and iwanna explorer my knowledge for the 
thrive of the company.

I'm candid, dynamic, visionary focused, committed to the 
profession person and iwanna explorer my knowledge for the 
thrive of the company.

My originality means i am not a different person nut i 
believe doing things differently.

Best way to answer .i have experience in that particular 
field ,well motivated,good communication skills both oral 
and written, committed to work and well organised

251

85

A VB form can have 255 controls in a form. Note: Form is
also one of the control

91, my friend told,,

255

255

255 X 255 
we can use the control array on the form

only 255

Friends,

VB Can Make 255 Controls On a single Form. Because 0 to 256
we can Make Controls. But Form Also One of the Control by Self.
So We can Make only 255 Controls in A sINGLE fORM.

Note: I Already Workout this. SO I can tell Sure this is
Right answer...

255 controls on the form.

255 controls excluding form because is form is also a one 
control

They are 2 types of controls in VB, one is Intrinsic 
Controls and another one is Extrinsic Control.

The maximum number of controls allowed on a single form 
depends on the type of controls used and available system 
resources. 
However, there is a fixed limit of 254 control names per 
form

255

All the answers are Wrong. Try control array. 

Put one Text box and try to copy and paste the control; you
can do till the range of integer. 

So in result you can 255*32767 controls  

255 * 32767 = 8355585

But remember your program and computer will stuck becoz of
memory issues. 

pls correct me if i am wrong.

yes I need model papers from sbi

hi me too want sbi po's papers 
my email is fanika_agarwal@yahoo.com

yes i need solved model papers of SBI po exam.

i want solve model papers for SBI bank question papers

Please forward me some solved papers of SBI PO . my email 
id : saravanababumr@yahoo.com

i want last three years previous papers of S.B.I po's with
solutions.

i want last 3 years po's papers with solutions

hai...any body send sbi po sloved papers.....


 otherwise tell any useful websites regarding this.......

I want to view the solved model papers from SBI bank

yes

yes i want to see solved model paper from SBI .

Please forward me some solved papers of SBI PO . my email 
id : sandeep_3684@yahoo.co.in

yes please send me the previus yrs papers of sbi PO post 
soon on my mail id

yes please sent me some previous years question paper on my 
email ID

plz send me the question papers

I want to view the solved model papers from SBI

me too want solved sbi po papers ......plzzzzzzz get
available me privious papers..........me id is
....mig21.anuj11@gmail.com.........

plz send me the question papers

I want to last 3 year solved question paper of sbi.

please send me five year clerical exam question paper.

i also want sbi po papers pls mail me at 
ashishmohansemwal@gmail.com

plz send solved papers of po jobs of SBI....since i dint
find ny on net....send it in my id....naishat@gmail.com

I want solved papers of bank po exam all nationalised & 
private bank,specially last two years of ICICI bank 
po_programme. Plz send by mail,
my id.....kunal_kishore74@yahoo.com

yes i want model paper from sbi

please send me

THIS IS JUST SOOO RIDICULUS...LOLZZZZ
I HAVE BEEN SEARCHING FOR BANK PO MODEL PAPERS...
AND IN EACH AND EVERY FORUM WHENEVER SOMEBODY ASKS ABOUT
MODEL PAPERS THEN DOZENS OF PEOPLE POST THEIR MESSAGES WHICH
ARE OF NO USE TO THE ASKER...
THE ANSWERERS JUST KEEP ON POSTING THEIR OWN QUERIES AND
GIVE THEIR EMAIL ID'S ( GOOD FOR HACKERS ! )
NOT EVEN A SINGLE PERSON OVER HERE HAS RESOLVED THE ASKER'S
QUERY...

WELL I WANT TO TELL THE ASKER THAT THERE ARE LITERALLY NO
BANK PO MODEL TEST PAPERS AVAILABLE ON NET EXCEPT SOME
SAMPLE PAPERS IN SOME BLOGS SO BETTER NOT WASTE TIME
SEARCHING ON INTERNET AND BUY A GOOD BOOK ON BANK PO EXAM
FROM THE MARKET...IT WILL COST AROUND 50-100 RUPEES MINIMUM....

I AM ALSO GONNA DO THE SAME....

see frndz'z like(SBI po's) that papers will not be 
available on the net ok.if it is available also they are 
just memory based que's only ok bettter go for any aptitude 
book like RS Agarwal ok byee frndz's.

yes i need solved model papers of SBI po exam.
 Pl, send it at my mail id sanju2003@gmail.com

I need model question papers for Bank PO exams.Please help 
me on this by sending to my id:vjayav17@gmail.com.
Thank you

i want to see model solved papers from sbi bank

Hi, Plz send me the solved papers with answers to me. My
Mail Id : ps.anuradha@gmail.com.  Thanks in Advance

Hi, 
Plz send me the previous SBI PO exam's question papers with 
answers, please this is my humble request to send it as 
soon as possible.

My email id : gomes_sabastian@yahoo.com

hi plz send me five years papers o s.b.i email 
lovely_nishu19@yahoo.com

If any body have the SBI PO Model Test paper or link from 
where that can be uploaded
Please provide / send on my e-mail i.d. 
caaniljain.1989@gmail.com or aniljain.1989@gmail.com 


Rgds/-
Anil Jain

Plz are there any questions or not? or are just wasting our 
time??? Plz send me some solved model test papers for sbi po

u all better buy any periodicals like competition success
review, competition refresher, competition master....
every periodicals covers previous solved question papers..
best of luck to all..
:-)

yes i 2 want the sbi model papers

http://rapidshare.com/files/118019634/SBI_Solved_Papers.rar
cheer guys!!!!



san4mobile.blogspot.com

yes i want the solved model papers from sbi bank,
plz send me by mail

plz send solved papers of po jobs of SBI....since i dint
find ny on net....send it in my id...saru.asr@gmail.com

hi myself anil and i wnt to bcm a probitanry officer in sbi

u can go for rs agarwal buks nd other books like pratyogita darpan wer u cn gt po papers

please send me sbi bank clerk exams model papers with answears

ya i want some papers

plz send me the last five years model papers of sbi

i want to veiw the solvedmodel papers sbi bank.

yes

Hai friends just send me the Quantitative Aptitude model
papers if available.

124

yes

sbi model test paper

Friends, There is not any webside averable for po solved 
paper.
They just ask for e-mail id and password, so dont west time 
and go with books.
Regards...
Ashish Vikhe
By

i want model paper from sbi plz mail me at 
srisr.teddy@gmail.com

Dear Friends  
you can  find the Banking study materials  on 
Educationguru4u.com  , just check it out.

rashmi

hiiiiii i want to new model papers with solved papers

Dear sir,
      please send me model paper of clerk exam of sbi.

plz send me sbi solve paper  my email

yes I need model papers from sbi bank

Cash Flow Statement : Statement showing changes in inflow & 
outflow of cash during the period.

Methods of cash flow:1.Direct Method : presenting 
information in:Statement of A. operating Activities, B. 
Investment Activities C.Financial Activities
2.Indirect Method :uses net income as base & make 
adjustments to that income(cash & non-cash)transactions.

Funds Flow Statement :Statement showing the sorce & 
application of funds during the period.
Major Difference:

The CFS allows investors to understand how a company's 
operations are running, where its money is coming from, and 
how it is being spent. 

FFS is showing the fund for the future activites of the 
Company.

CMA Kiran

Cash flow is nothing but flow of cash during a particular 
period of time. It is a strong Analysis tools used by Large 
and medium scale companies to make Analysis of Inflow and 
Outflow of money during a particular period of time. Now a 
days even small scale industries are using this tools.

Fund Flow shows the flow of money from different Activities.
This helps the management to make analysis of the FLow of 
funds from activities such as Operating Activites, 
Investment Activities, Financing Activities etc.,.

Cash flow is the inflow & outflow of cash during an 
accounting period.

fund flow statment is a report which explains the movement 
of funds, during an accounting period.

difference:

shows the causes of changes in net working capital. there 
are no opening or closing balances. deals with all 
components of working capital.

shows the causes for the changes in cash.started with the 
opening and closing balances of cash. deals only with cash.

methods:

operating activities.
investing activities.
financing activities.

cash flow statement is a statement of changes in csah 
position.it is a prepare on cash basis,in other hand it is 
a statement of inflow outflow cash during specipic 
period,fund means net working capital.nwc=c.a-c.l,fund flow 
statement is a statement of changes in financial 
position,it is prepare on working capital.
    methods
 statement
 t-form,account form

Cash flow simply means a factual presentation of cash 
inflows and outflows.This will give a clear picture of cash 
and cash equivalents movement during a period of time. On 
the other side fund flow is broader term which never 
confine to cash movemnts only but this will show the 
sources & application of funds and its movements over a 
period of time.The major key aspect of fund flow is its 
working capital presentation.Business operations can  
easily be analysed through pointing out the movements of 
working capital.The key decisions of management which 
affect capital structure can be planned by utilising data 
presented in fund flow statement through making a 
comparison of working and fixed capital which will enable 
progessive growth in prospective environment.

statement showing inflows and outflows of cash/funds during 
a particular period 

sripal

hope this helps u
thanq

Cash flow statement is one of the tool for cash mgt it shows
cash inflows and out flows of a firm during the period.
cash flow statement may be defined it is statement which
summarise sources of cash inflows and uses of cash outflows
of a firm.
according to sebi guidelines are listed co's have to be
presented their cash flow statement in the annual report of
the co.
cash flow statement will prerpare in 3 types of methods
-- netprofit before tax & extraordinary items
-- cash from trading operations.
-- cash flow statement.

Cash flow statement is only concerned with cash generated 
activities.

while fund flow statement shows actual position of business 
(i.e. Net working position of the business) that shows how 
sources arises of funds and how applications on funds are 
made there on.

i am asking diffrece bitween cash and fund.

1) Cash flow is a statement which shows cash inflow and 
outflow of cash during a particular period of time. Where 
as funds flow is a statement which shows inflow and outflow 
of funds.

2) Cash flow shows the liquidity of the company, where as 
funds flow shows how the company can invest in future.

Cash flow statement shows the actual cash flow of a 
company. This summarrise the data of cash or cash related 
activities only.

funds flow statements shows that where the funds have been 
generated & where they have been utilised. thus funds means 
current assets & currents liabilities of a company.If 
current assets are more that current liabilities that 
working capital of a company willbe increased & if current 
liabilities are more that current Assets it will be 
decrease.thus fund flow shows the reason of change in 
working capital.

this is a statement of sources & uses of application of 
funds.the sources are funds from operation,sale of fixed 
assets,issue of share capital & debenture,non operating 
receipts. Uses are purchase of fixed assets,redemption of 
prefence shares & Debentures,Loss on sale of fixed 
assets,loss from operations etc.

cash is used in the cash flow statement refers cash & bank 
balances excluding of all current assets & current 
liabilities

Waht is Funds Flow Statement?

Funds flow statement refers where got & where gone the 
funds. Funds flow statement showing sourse of funds & 
application of funds and showing differance between all 
current assets & current liabilities.

Example, Funds from Business Operation, Long Term Loans and 
Sale of Fixed Assets.

Cash flow stayement is preapred on regular basis which 
gives the details of cash receipts and expenses i.e., 
payments incurred on daily basis to run the busines.

Funds flow statment is preapred on monthly basis which a 
broad idea to the management the sorce and quatum of funds 
put to used in business and the funds invested.

the difference between the both statement is Cash flow 
statement will give idea about the expenses need on day to 
day basis and Funds flow statement give the managment how 
healthy is the business going.

Cash flow statement is showing receipts and payments for 
during the period.

Where as funds flow is sources and application of funds, 
ie. is increasing/decreasing net working capital.

cash flows shows from where the cash has been genarated and 
where it has been applied.
The basic difference between cash flow and fund flow is 
cash flows indicates the flows of cash, on the other hand 
fund flow shows the flows of funds including cash fows.
So we can say that fund flow is the integration of 
cash ,fund flows,& cash flow is the differentiation of fund 
flow.

A distinction between these two statements may be briefed 
as under:-

(i) Funds Flow Statement is concerned with all items 
constituting funds (Working Capital)for the business while 
Cash Flow Statement deals only with cash transactions. In 
other words, a transaction affecting working capital other 
than cash will affect Funds statement, and not the Cash 
Flow Statement.

(ii) In Funds Flow Statement, net increase or decrease in 
working capital is recorded while in Cash Flow Statement, 
individual item involving cash is taken into account. 

(iii) Funds Flow statement is started with the opening cash 
balance and closed with the closing cash balance records 
only cash transactions. 

(iv) Cash Flow Statement is started with the opening cash 
balance and closed with ht closing cash balance while there 
a no opening or closing balances in Funds Flow Statement



Cash Flow Statement : Statement showing changes in inflow & 
outflow of cash during the period.

Methods of cash flow:
1.Direct Method : presenting information in Statement of
A. operating Activities
B. Investment Activities 
C.Financial Activities

2.Indirect Method :uses net income as base & make 
adjustments to that income(cash & non-cash)transactions.

Funds Flow Statement :Statement showing the source & 
application of funds during the period.

Major Difference:

The Cash Flow S tatement allows investors to understand how 
a company's operations are running, where its money is 
coming from, and how it is being spent. 

Fund Flow Statement is showing the fund for the future 
activites of the Company

Cash flow means in & out of cash income & expenses
Fund flow means source of fund & application of fund

Fundflow is a statement which discribe the financial 
streanth and Weakness of the company whereas cash flow 
statements discribe the movements of cash during the 
financial year also describe liqudity position of the 
company.

cash flow of a firm is the amount of cash on which a company
can perform its normal activities.
while fund flow is base on the working capital of the firm.
In 1988 fund flow is discarded from the daily practice. now
cash flow is the only practice is in use.

1.fund flow statement is prepared on the accrual basis of
accounting(i.e weather cash realized or not )where as in
cash flow statement data is obtained in accrual basis are
converted into cash basis.
2. funds flow statement checks and tallies the funds raised
from various sources and uses or applications of those funds
in a given period of time.cash flow statement reconciles the
opening bal. of cash with the closing bal. of cash by
proceeding through cash flows from operating ,investing and
financing activities .
3.fund flow statement is a broader concept which is based on
the working capital ,where as cash  flow statement is based
on the flow of cash which is one of the element of working
capital .

Q. what is the cash flow statemnet and fund flow statement
A. cash folw statement are showing  all inflow and outflow 
of an company or firms during the period
   
   fund flow statement are showing resources and 
application of the fund that is the show accurate position 
of an firms. cahs and fund flow statemet is the concern 
with financial activity and both are depend upon 
balancesheet of the end of the financial years 
cash flow statement show only inflow and outflow of the 
company 
when fund flow statemnet show all activity of the an 
company 
so that is the lot of difference between cash flow 
statement and fund flow statement 
this is the according my opinion

fund flow statement shows increases or decrease working 
capital for a period while cash flow show cash transaction 
in which where we receipt cash and where we spend this

2  cash flow is relating only short time and fund flow 
relating to long time

cash flow: the basic purbose of cash flow is to provide 
infomation about the cash recipt and cash payment of a 
business entity during the accounting period.
in adition,the statement is indent to provide information 
about the investing and financing activities of the company 
during period.

meaning of cash flow:
                      its a statement which reflects source
and uses of cash.

scope:
       its limite statement is based on the narrow concept 
of fund

components: cash is an important factor and its part of 
working capital.

object:
       its prepared to disclose only changes in cash 
position.

no of stages: under cash flow statement, only one statement
is prepared.

opening and closing balance of cash:
                                      in this statement cash
balance is shown(opening and closing)

uses: the cash flow statement is in financial analysis and 
cash planning

fund flow statement:
                    fund flow is that reflect changes in 
the working capital or fund.

scope:
      the fund is broaded term. it is wider concept of fund.

component:
          the fund or working capital includes cash,stock,
deptors,bills and temporary investment.

object:
       fund flow statement is prepared to depict the changes
in working capital between two balance sheet dates.

no of statements;
                 two statements are prepared 1.working 
capital changes
2.statement of source and uses of fund.

opening and closing of fund:
                            there is no place for showing 
opening and closing balance of cash and fund flow statement.

uses:
      in mid-term and long-term planning,fund flow 
statement is useful.

CASH FLOW STATEMENT: It is a statement which depicts the 
change in the cash position (i.e cash and bank balance) of 
a concern between one balance sheet and another.


FUND FLOW STATEMENT: It is a statement which shows how the 
net working fund or working capital is obtained and how it 
is put to use.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CASH FLOW STATEMENT AND FUND FLOW 
STATEMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1.Cash Flow statement is based on cash concept of fund 
whereas Fund Flow statement is based on working capital 
concept of fund.

2.Cash Flow statement depicts the changes in the cash 
position of an enterprise between two balance sheet periods 
whereas Fund Flow statement depicts the changes in the 
working capital position of an enterprise between two 
balance sheet periods.

3.Cash Flow statement deals with the inflow and outflow of 
only cash, which is just one of the items of working 
capital whereas Fund Flow statement deals with all the 
items of working capital.

4.Cash Flow statement is only a supplementary statement 
whereas Fund Flow statement is a main statement.

5.Cash Flow statement starts with the opening cash balance 
and ends with closing cash balance whereas Fund Flow 
statement does not start with any opening balance and does 
not end with any closing balance.

THE CASE FLOW STATEMENT IS NOTHING BUT IT IS FLOW OF MONEY 
ONE LEVEL TO ANATHER LEVEL.AND FUND FLOW STATEMENT IS A 
FUND,&IT IS ONE TYPE OF BALANCE SHOW IN A PARTICULAR FIELD 
OR IN A CLUB.
CASE BASED ON THE....CASE ROTETION
            &
FUND BASED ON THE....SAVE CASE