Private placement is an offer to the existing shareholders 
for purchasing shares (in India).

When company place its equity share to private parties
without going to public (means without offering IPO)

some times in p & l a/c there may be gross loss but at the 
end we may get net profit What i mean in p & L a/c there 
may be  possibility of both profit and loss.

Exactly we don`t know whether we get a profit or loss at 
the end of the accounting period, thats why we call p&l a/c.

the heading of the account should be given in respect to the
contents of the account and not merely with the result of
the account

When an organization gets profit on sale of assets or any
scrap it is recorded on the credit side and at the same time
time when there is a loss on sale of assets or sale of
scrap, it will be recorded on DEBIT side of P&L a/c. As both
profits & losses are recorded in this account, it is called
as P&L a/c and not P{or}L a/c.

a

at the time of drafting P&L a/c we are not in knowledge 
that wheather at the end  of accounting year there is loss 
or profit with certainity. there may be loss or profit at 
the end of A.Y

we write profit and loss account because this particular 
performa has got one debit side n one credit side if credit 
amount is more we get profit n if debit amount is more we 
get loss and at the begnning of the year we will be not 
knowing whether we will get net profit or loss so we will 
write porfit & loss account...we generally dont use profit 
or loss account because in accouting system the performa is 
set as profit & loss account we cant change the rules of 
accouting standards we we have to follow this performa 
only..

Some times in some transanction gross loss or gross profit 
may come all company transanctions but at the end of the 
year only net profit or net loss comes.

Debenture an d bon d are similar ,
bond will have low rate of interest, while company in 
financial difficulties bond holders payed first and then 
after debenture holder will be payed

bonds and debentures are acknowledgments of debts. Generally
governments issue bonds for raising funds. Central
Government, State Governments, and even municipal
corporation today issue bonds for raising funds form the
public. where as debentures are used by companies for
raising long term debt from the public

Bonds and debentures are fixed income instruments which are 
taken by investors looking for regular, fixed income 
through payment of interest on the principal purchase.

Bonds and debentures are debt instruments with different 
types of exposure. In general terms bondholders are secured 
by access to the underlying asset in case of default by the 
issuer. Debentures, on the other hand, are unsecured, and 
debenture holders do not have recourse to assets in the 
case of default by the debenture issuer.

To all the viewer

dont ask stupid questions. Ask something unknown.
please refer basic books of accounts befor asking.

DEBIT THE RECEIVER AND CREDIT THE GIVER( Perosnal account) 
DEBIT ALL EXPENSES AND LOSS AND CREDIT ALL INCOME AND GIANS
( Nominal accoutns)
DEBIT WHAT COMES IN AND CREDTI WHAT GOES OUT (Real 
accoutns) 

BANK EARN INCOME THORUGH INTEREST ON MONEY LENDING AND 
OTHER SERVICE CHARGES